Chapter 14

What are the functions of blood?

What is the composition of blood?

percentage by volume of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood

production of blood and blood cells

tiny
biconcave discs
thin near their centers
thicker around their rims

oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
gives the color to blood cells

compound formed when oxygen binds hemoglobin

hemoglobin that does not bind oxygen

a red blood cell at an immature stage

immature red blood cell that has a network of fibrils in ints cytoplasm

kidney hormone that promotes red blood cell formation
controls the rate of red blood cell formation

What are the dietary factors affecting erythrocyte (RBC) production?

deficiency of red blood cells or a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin they contain resulting in a condition called _______?

caused by toxic chemicals and radiation.....causes damaged bone marrow

caused by toxic chemicals and the red blood cells are destroyed

caused by a lack of dietary anemia....causes a hemoglobin deficiency

inability to absob vitamin b12....causes an excess of immature cells

nucleus with 2-5 lobes....phagocytizes small particles

nucleus bilobed....kills parasites and moderates allergic reactions

nucleus lobed...releases heparin and histamine

2-3 times larger then a red blood cell....phagocytizes large particles

only slightly larger than a red blood cell.....provides immunity

What is the approximate normal leukocyte count?

leukocytes can squeeze between the cells that form the walls of the smallest blood vessels.....allows the white blood cells to leave the circulation

a total number of white blood cells exceeding 10,000 per microliter of blood constitutes _____?

a total white blood cell count below 4,500 per microliter of blood is called

List some disorders that alter the different white blood cells

are not complete cells...arise from very large cells in the red bone marrow...helps blood clot

low number of platelets in the circulating blood

is the presence of high platelet counts in the blood

contracts smooth muscles in the vessel walls, reducing blood flow

Which substances are found in plasma?

plasma protein that helps maintain colloid osmotic pressure

transports lipids and fat-soluble vitamins...constitute the antibodies of immunity

plays a key role in blood coagulation

Which lipids are found in plasma?

List the nonprotein nitrogenous substances in plasma

refers to the stoppage of bleeding, which is vitally important when blood vessels are damaged

platelets adhere to exposed ends of injured blood vessels

triggered when blood contacts damaged blood vessel walls or tissues outside blood vessels

activation of Hageman factor....this happens when blood is exposed to a foreign surface such as collagen in connective tissue instead of the smooth endothelial lining of intact blood vessels

this test chekcs the extrinsic clotting mechanism

this test evaluates intrinsic clotting

a blood clot abnormally forming in a vessel

a clot that dislodges or a fragment of a clot that breaks loose and is carried away by the blood flow

used to prevent abnormal clotting

chemical that stimulated B lymphocytes to produce antibodies

protein that B cells of the immune system produce in response to a nonself antigen...it reacts with the antigen

What is the major concern with blood transfusions?

abnormal hemoglobin crystallizes under low oxygen conditions, causing abnormal red blood cells which block ciculaion causing anemia, pain, anf other symptoms