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the digestive system is also called
alimentary canal
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alimentary canal means
tube within a tube
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digestive system ( alimentary canal) consist of:
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines
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the five functions of the digestive system (alimentary canal):
ingestion, propulsion, digestion (mechanical and chemical), absorption, and defecation.
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the four tunics of the digestive system (alimentary canal )
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
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nearest to lumen, usually simple comlumnar epithelium, lamina propria, a little smooth muscle
mucosa
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what is the function of the mucosa
secretion, absorption, protection
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dense CT with blood/lymph vessels, lymph nodules,
submucosa
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what nerve is in the submucosa
submucosal nerve plexus
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what it the function of the submucosa
protection and nutrition
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circular muscle deeper to longitudinal muscle
muscularis externa
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what nerve is in the muscularis externa
myenteric nerve plexus
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what is the function of the muscularis externa
movement of food
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mesothelium and areolar CT
serous
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what is the function of the serosa
protection, lubrication, anchor tissue
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what is the serosa called in the esophagus
adventitia
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which tunica has 2 bands
muscular externa
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What does the mouth include:
palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils
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the mouth is made up of ______________ epithelium
stratified squamous
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the function of the mouth is
ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion
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chemical digestion is also called
starch digestion
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the pharynx consist of three regions:
naso, oro, laryngo
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what region of the pharynx is not a part of digestion
naso
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the function of the pharynx is
propulsion
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mucosa in the pharynx is made of
simple squamous epi
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mucosa in esophagus is made of
simple squamous epi
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what is the function of the esophagus
propulsion
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what type of propulsion does the esophagus do
peristalsis
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what is peristalsis
wavelike movement of food
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esophagus has _________ rather than serousa
adventitia
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the mucosa of the stomach is
simple clomunar epithelium
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what are the 4 regions of the stomach
cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
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has lesser and greater curvatures
stomach
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has additional oblique muscle layer (deepest layer )
stomach
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what is rugae?
muscle folds in the stomach
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what kind of cells do the gastric pits and gastric glands of the stomach have?
parietal cells (HCl) and chief cells (pepsinogen)
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the function of the stomach is
propulsion, stores food temporarily, mechanically and chemically breaks down food,
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food becomes ___________ in the stomach
chyme
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chemical digestion in the stomach is primarily involved with
protiens
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the mucosa of the small intestion is
simple clumnar
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what are the three regions of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, secum
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functions of the small intestine are
propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients
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the chemical digestion in the small intestine is mostly involved with
carbohydrates, proteins, fats (all foods)
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the submucosa of the duodenum have
duodenal or brunner's glands
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what do brunner's (duodenal glands) do
produce mucus
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increase surface area
microvilli and villi
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produce intestinal juice
crypts of lieberkuhn
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produce alkaline mucus to neutralize pH of chyme leaving stomach
duodenal gland
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has fewer villi than duodenum
ileum
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lymphoid nodules for fighting bacteria
preyer's patch
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preyer's patches are located in
ileum
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large intestine is also called
colon
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the mucosa of the large intestine is
simple columnar
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functions of the large intestine are
propulsion, water absorption, defecation of feces, synthesis of vitamins B & K
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four colon regoins?
ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
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teniea coli are
three muscular bands in the large intestine
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pocket like sac on the colon
haustra
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how many deciduous teeth do we have
20
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decidous teeth are also called
baby teeth
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how many permanent teeth do we have
32
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the order of teeth are
incisors, canine, premolar, molar
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function of the teeth is
mechanical digestion
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the three salivary glands are
parotid (amylase), submandibular (mucus and amylase), sublingual (mostly mucus)
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the function of the salivary glands are
chemical digestion (starch)
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salivary glands produce
bolus
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the livers four lobes are
- right lobe, left lobe,
- caudate lobe, and quadrate lobe
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what anchors the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall
falciform ligament
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function of the liver is
to produce and release bile, store/convert/detoxify nutrients
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function of the gall bladder
storage site for bile
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transports bile from gall bladder to common bile duct
cystic duct
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produces enzymes for
digestion of all macromolecules, regulates blood glucose levels.
pancreas
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the endocrine cells of the pancreas is ________ and prduces _________
islet of langerhan, insulin/glucagon/somatostatin
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the exocrine cells of the pancreas is _______ they secrete _________ which contains ________
acinar cells, pancreatic juice, lipase/amylase/protease
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