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Commercial Audience Research
- Records exposure
- Program Choice
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Early Economic Models
Auidence=Active Consumers
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Subsequent Model
2nd and 3rd choices if your show is not on
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Selective Exposure
- -moods
- -watch contenct related to your beliefs
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Uses & Gratifications
- Needs create expectations of media
- active selection process
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Audience Factors
- Geographic: Designated Market Area
- Audience availability( Practical Limits)
- Classic individual factor: preferences, moods, awareness of options
- New Trend: out of home consumption, audience mobility, multitasking
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Media Factors
- Coverage- subscriptions
- Carriage/clearances
- Number of options
- Scheduling
- New Trends: technologies, repertories, 24/7 coverage, tivo, youtube , google
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Types of audience research
- Applied: copy testing, auditorium testing, ratings research (action)
- Methodologial: help develop better toolds
- Academic: develop & test general theories to understand, explain and predict audience behavior
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Academic Research Ethics:
- Beneficial & no harm
- Integrity: accurate, honest, truthful , no deception
- Justice: publish your finding
- Respect: voluntary, anonymity, confidentiality
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Commercial Research Ethics- Business
- Based on contracts
- Professionalism=reputation
- No misleading results
- Disclose possible distortion in the research
- Maintain confidentiality of the client
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Research Ethics
- No harm or seriosluy misleading respondents
- Maintain confidentiality
- Report the sponsor, sampling methods
- Observe the privacy laws
- Online Research
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Time of Day Television
- -Primetime 8-11 pm Mon-Sat Sun
- Daytime 7:30 am- 4:30 pm MOn-Fri
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Upfront Market in May
- Media provide "avails"
- advertisers buy audience through "best programs"
- uncertainties & risks
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Scatter Markets by Quaters
- Seasonal products, promotions, unexpected
- higher prices
- less risky
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Syndication
production compaines offer/sell their shows to stations through a broadcast network
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Barter
supply programs to stations for free & profit from sellign ad spots
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Cash Plus barter
local stations pay some and keep some ad avails
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First Run Syndication (FRS)
broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show
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Off-network syndication
Rerunning a program after its original run on a network televison through first run syndication
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NATPE- National Association of Televison Programmin Executive
syndications sell their media content to ad spots
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Designate Market Areas (DMA)
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Multiple System Operator (MSO)
- "Ultra loca" cable systems
- hard to measure audience size
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Rich Media Advertising
- Interactive-roadblocking
- full page skin
- roadblock + page skin
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Server-centric
- no need to sample users
- hits, visitors, IP address, cookies, web bugs
- accuracy, limitied information
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User-centric measurement
impression, click-through, view through, cost per click (CPC), pay per click (PPC), Return on Investment (ROI)
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Market Research Functions
- Descriptive- trends, product perceptions
- Diagnostic: marketing impact and product changes
- Predictive: what will happen, new product development, proactive management
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Avoid Marketing Research
- -lack of resources
- -results are not useful
- -too late
- -support your decision
- -objective is incertain
- -cost outweighs benefits
- -market is too small
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Content Testing- Copy Testing
- Advertising Stimullus Measurement & Assessment Research (ASMAR)
- -ad effectiveness
- Cognitive- recall key elements
- Affective- brand attitudes, liking
- Conative- pruchase intentions
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Entertainment Testing- Content Testing
- -Concept Tests
- Storyboards
- Talent Tests
- Movie Trailers
- Music Playlist
- Pilot Tests
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Content Testing- Program Analyzer
- Continuous ratings of content
- -physilogical measurement
- -user evaluations
- Theater tests
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Content Testing- User Centered Design
- Improve usefulness, easue of use, learnability, likability
- -Participatory design
- -Focus Group
- -Walk-throughs
- -Expert evaluation
- -Usability audit
- -usability testing
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AQH- Average Quater Hours
that one listens to the radio
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Cume:
Average listening per week
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Diary vs PPM (Portable Ppl Meter)
- 12 week surveys, new ppl each week
- Time Lag
- Memory Issue
- Deliberate misrepresentation
- Literacy requirement
- Error in complete media environment.
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Portable Ppl Meter
- Multiple media signals
- Fast turn around
- No literacy/effort
- Out of home media use
- Continous Measurement
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Differential Survey Treatments
- -hard to reach segments of the population
- -higher cash incentives
- -enhanced packaging
- -additional follow-up phone call
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AQH Rating
AQH Persons/Population *100
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Cume Persons
The total number of different persons who tune to a radio station during a certain period of time for at least five minutes
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Ratings and Value
- Ratings dont equal value to stations
- -advertisers dont value the mediums
- -ads sell out
- -sales persons arent effective
- -Collusion exist among stations
- -illegal restraint of trade
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