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Define etiology:
The cause of a disease.
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What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Sign: Physical observation or measurement (pulse, BP, temp)
Symptoms: What the patient says or feels (pain, difficulty breathing)
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How is a diagnosis made?
By determining the disease process by evaluating the manifestations. History, Physical exam & tests.
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What is palliative treatment?
Treating symptoms only w/o affecting the outcome.
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Define inflammation:
Response of living tissue to injury. Inflammatory process removes injured cells, debris & contains area of injury.
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What 3 things may trigger inflammation?
- a) Physical injury to cell
- b) Chemical agents
- c) Allergies
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Describe the WBC’s found in inflammation. Which ones perform phagocytosis?
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.
Neutrophils perform phagocytosis. (as well as monocytes)
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What are the 4 phases of the inflammatory process?
- a) Histamine
- b) Neutrophil exudation
- c) Monocyte exudation
- d) Repair/Restoration
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What are the ways in which the inflammatory process may end?
- Tissue restoration w/scarring.
- Abscess Formation.
- Granuloma Formation.
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List the signs of inflammation:
- Redness
- Heat
- Swelling/Edema
- Pain
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How does chronic inflammation differ from acute?
- Insidious & long lasting.
- Exudation & repair occur together.
- Less exudate & it has monocytes, lymphocytes, plasma & NO neutrophils.
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Describe treatments for inflammation:
- Drugs (Anti-inflammatory drugs, Steroids, Antihistamines, Antimicrobials)
- Rest & gradual exercise.
- Drainage of abscess.
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