Quiz 1 (Mike narrowed selection).txt

• Below 28 weeks, below 1,000 g = 2.5 mm
• 28-34 weeks, 1,000-2,000 = 3.0 mm
• 34-38 weeks, 2,000-3,000 = 3.5 mm
• Above 38, above 3,000 = 3.5-4.0mm

• No. 0 for preterm newborns
• No. 1 for term newborns

• <1 kg = 6 cm
• 1 kg = 7 cm
• 2 kg = 8 cm
• 3 kg = 9 cm
• 4 kg = 10 cm

1 minute of life, 5 minutes of age, and every 5 minutes there after

8-10

7-10

4-6

0-3

the degree of and the time of severe anoxia

• Heart rate: absent=0, below 100 bpm=1, above 100 bpm=2
• Respiratory effort: absent=0, weak irregular or gasping=1, good or crying=2
• Muscle tone: Flaccid=0, some flexion of arms and legs=1, well flexed, or active movements of extremities=2
• Reflex/Irritability: No response=0, grimace or weak cry=1, good cry=2
• Color: blue all over or pale=0, body pink hands and feet blue=1, pink all over=2

• Parturition is the process of giving birth and consists of
• Rupture of the membranes
• Dilation of the cervix
• Contraction of the uterus
• Separation of the placenta
• Shrinking of the uterus

4, but 3 main that we worry about, and labor is actually one continuous event

Onset of regular contractions to complete dilatation of the cervix.

7-18 hours

• Multigravida vs. Primigravida
• Sedation
• Stress

• Full dilatation and effacement of the cervix to delivery of the fetus
• Dilatation is the widening of the cervical opening. A 10 cm diameter cervical opening is considered fully dilated.
• Effacement is the stretching and thinning of the cervix. 100% effacement is when the cervix is not distinguishable from the uterus

20 min to 1-2 hours

• Delivery of the fetus to delivery of the placenta
• The fetus is in the head down position is the most common presentation. (Vertex position)
• There is also a fourth stage (not considered a major stage) where the uterus begins to shrink back to normal

Lasts 3-4 minutes up to 45 minutes

• VERTEX:
• As the fetus begins down the birth canal, the head turns to a face down position for passage through the pelvis.
• Upon delivery of the head, the fetus rotates internally to ease passage of the shoulders through the pelvis.
• The upper shoulder delivers first, followed by the lower shoulder.
• After delivery of the shoulders, the rest of the body exits rather quickly.
• The umbilical cord is clamped and the baby begins life outside the uterus

• The most common of all abnormal presentations (3-5% of all births).
• Three varieties:
• - Complete breech. Feet , legs, and buttocks present together.
• - Incomplete or footling breech. One or both feet descend into the birth canal first.
• - Frank breech. The legs are flexed against the body with the feet near the face with the buttocks being the presenting part.

Abnormal fetal presentation: The head enters the birth canal so the sutures cannot override each other and the head must pass at its full size

Abnormal fetal presentation: The fetus is positioned perpendicular to the birth canal with the back or back shoulders being presented

Abnormal fetal presentation: Prolapse is when the umbilical cord passes through the birth canal ahead of a body part crimping the cord

Abnormal fetal presentation: When the cord is compressed between the fetus and the wall of the birth canal

Abnormal fetal presentation: Where the umbilical cord wraps around the fetus's neck

fetus implantation blocking cervix

Placenta implants low near cervix instead of fundus

Placenta partially blocks cervix

Placenta completely blocks cervix

• Premature separation from the uterine wall.
• May be partial or complete separation
• There is always hemorrhage associated with abruptio placentae
• - Vaginal bleeding may or may not be visible.
• - External hemorrhage. Visible bleeding.
• - Concealed hemorrhage. No visible bleeding