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How can sponges survive without a circulatory system?
- They live for a short time and then die because of a lack of circulatory system.
- The cells have a short life span and are constantly being replaced through mitosis.
- Sponges have specialized circulatory tissue instead of circulatory organs.
- Seawater delivers nutrients and oxygen directly to the cells by circulating through the sponge’s pores.
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Why is it important for the blood vessels to continuously branch?
- Branching promotes efficient gas exchange across the vessel walls.
- Branching creates a pressure system for the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste.
- Branching ensures that each cell is reached by the circulatory system.
- Branching ensures that every heart is being used efficiently.
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Why is an open circulatory system less efficient than a closed circulatory system?
- It is more difficult to extract nutrients and remove waste when they are in the same compartment.
- The blood pressure is higher in an open system, forcing the blood around the body too quickly for nutrients to be delivered and wastes to be picked up.
- Blood flows around the body at a constant rate in an open system.
- In an open system, blood is contained in a continuous series of vessels, making it more difficult to distribute nutrients.
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Which of the following shows the circulatory systems in order from least to most evolved?
- Birds and mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish
- Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
- Amphibians, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals
- Reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds and mammals
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Arteries always:
- Carry oxygenated blood.
- Carry deoxygenated blood.
- Carry blood away from the heart.
- Carry blood toward the heart.
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Which describes the correct flow of blood returned to the heart by the vena cavas?
- Vena cavas, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
- Vena cavas, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
- Vena cavas, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta
- Vena cavas, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta
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A stroke results from a:
- Heart attack in the brain.
- Blood clot in the heart.
- Blood clot in the brain.
- Blood clot in the leg.
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Which of the following is an example of a healthy blood pressure reading?
- Diastolic of 120 and systolic of 80
- Diastolic of 140 and systolic of 90
- Diastolic of 80 and systolic of 120
- Diastolic of 90 and systolic of 140
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Rheumatic fever damages the valves of the heart. This is dangerous because:
- Blood will leak backwards through the heart.
- It can cause hardening of the coronary arteries.
- It can cause high blood pressure.
- It can cause an irregular heartbeat.
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Why is there a slight delay between atrial and ventricular contractions?
- It takes a brief time for the signal from the AV node to reach the SA node.
- It takes a brief time for the blood to be transferred from the ventricles to the atria.
- It takes a brief time for the signal from the SA node to reach the AV node.
- It takes a brief time for the signal from the Purkinje fibers to reach the AV node
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Mature red blood cells lack nuclei. How are new red blood cells generated?
- Red blood cells have evolved a mechanism to undergo mitosis even though they do not have a nucleus.
- Red blood cells are generated in the bone marrow from stem cells that have nuclei.
- Red blood cells are generated by the hemoglobin.
- Red blood cells are made by capillaries in the lungs where they can directly receive the oxygen they need.
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Anemia could directly influence which metabolic process?
- Digestion
- Cellular respiration
- Mitosis
- Excretion
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Why would an increase in erythropoietin be beneficial to an athlete?
- It enhances their ability to produce lactic acid.
- It prevents the production of lactic acid in their muscles.
- It enhances the ability of their red blood cells to carry oxygen.
- It increases the production of red blood cells.
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What mechanism helps promote the return of the blood to the heart through the veins?
- The pressure caused by the size difference between the capillaries and veins forces blood back to the heart.
- Gravity acts to send blood from the veins back to the heart.
- Valves force the blood to move in one direction through the veins back toward the heart.
- Veins contract continuously, sending blood back to the heart.
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People who have been trapped in an avalanche or fallen though ice often lose their nose, fingers, and toes. Why does this happen?
- The blood freezes in these areas, causing the tissue to die.
- In extreme cold, the blood is directed to the vital organs in the trunk of the body and around the brain.
- The skin is thinner in these areas and does not sufficiently protect against the cold.
- Only veins are located in these areas and most of the heat from the body core has already been distributed by the time the blood arrives to these extremities.
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Which of the following is not part of the lymphatic system?
- Spleen
- Lymph capillaries and vessels
- Thymus
- Liver
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Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
- To carry fats from the small intestine to the bloodstream
- To filter the blood of toxins and excess vitamins and drugs
- To harbor white blood cells to help protect the body from foreign invaders
- To restore extra fluid from the tissues back into the circulatory system
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Elephantiasis results when interstitial fluids in tissues can’t be returned to the circulatory system. What symptoms would this cause?
- High blood pressure
- Low blood pressure
- Swelling in the lower extremities
- Breaking down of the connective tissue
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