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Biology 1010
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What are Cells:
Basic Units of Life
What is the Cell Theory?
1. A cell is the basic unit of life.
2. All living things are made up of cells
3. New cells arise only from preexisting Cells
4.2b Surface aarea to volume relationships
What is Surface-area to-volume ratio?
Requires cells to stay small.
1. A cell needs a surface area large enough to allow sufficient nutrients to enter and to rid itself of wastes.
2.Actively metabolizing ceslls need to be smal.
A chicken egg is large but is not actively metabolizing.
3. Cells that specialize in absorption have modifiations to increase the surface-area to volume ratio.
Compound light Microscope
Multiple leses increase magnifying power
1. a condenser lens focuses light through specimen.
2. an objective lense magnifies the specimens image
3. An ocular lens magnifies the image into the eye.
Electron microscope
More magnifying power than light.
Transmission electron Microscope
Passes electrons through Specimen.
Comparison of three microspes.
Comparison of three microscopes
Prokaryotic Cells
Lack of membrane-bound nucleus
Smaller than eukaryotic cells
2 Domains.
Domain
and
Domain archaea
DNA evidence
Biochemical differences.
Eukaryotic Cells are much larger than prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cell structure
Lack a membrane-bound nucleus
full of cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
Ribosomes for protein synthesis
Long looped chromosome found in
NUCLEOID
Reproduce by splitting in two
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Cyanobacteria can photsynthesize
cell wall outside plasma membrane
May have
PILL
(attachment) or
FLAGELLA
(movement)
Prokayarotic cell structure
memorize
Eurkaryotic Cells
Domain Eukarya
Divide into protists,plants fungi and animals.
Eukaryotic Cells
Domaine Eukarya
Divided into protists, plants, fungi and animals.
Compartmentalized into ?
Organells: perform specific functions.
Cytoplasm
Bounded by plasma.
Eukaryotic
Cells are rich in membrane.
Most organells are membranouse
Anmail VS. Plants Cells.
Anmail Cell
Plant Cell
Animal plant table
TABLE 4.4
Animal and Plant Cell Differences
Structure Animal Cell Plant Cell
Cell wall No Yes
Chloroplast No YES
Lysosomes YES NO
Centrioles YES NO
Large central vacuole No YES
Shap Round Rectangular
Protein Synthesis:
Is a Major Function of Cells
Nucleus Contains?
DNA
What is Chromatin?
Net work of strans that condenses to form chromosomes.
Nucleolus
Dark region of Chromatin where ribosomal RNA (rRna)subunits made Nuclear envelop.
Nuclear envelope:
Sepeartes the nucleus from cytoplasm
Double membrane
Nuclear pores to permit passage of ribsomal sub units.
Ribosomes
Non-membrane-bound particles where protein synthesis occurs.
Found in both prokaryotes and sukaryotes
Made of 2 sub units
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Some float free in cytoplasm others attached to (ER).
Messenger mRNA (mRNA)
Is a copy of a gene that tells a cell how to make the particular polypeptide of protien at a ribosome.
Physically continous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Consists of membranous tubles and flattened sacs.
Rough Er (RER)
studded with ribosomes
Proteins modiefied inside
Smooth ER(SER)
no attach ribosomes
Lipeds synthesis, detofication
Author
Charie1981
ID
133489
Card Set
Biology 1010
Description
Chapter 4 1010
Updated
2012-02-07T19:56:36Z
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