Biology 1010

Basic Units of Life

• 1. A cell is the basic unit of life.
• 2. All living things are made up of cells
• 3. New cells arise only from preexisting Cells

• Requires cells to stay small.
• 1. A cell needs a surface area large enough to allow sufficient nutrients to enter and to rid itself of wastes.
• 2.Actively metabolizing ceslls need to be smal.
• A chicken egg is large but is not actively metabolizing.
• 3. Cells that specialize in absorption have modifiations to increase the surface-area to volume ratio.

• Multiple leses increase magnifying power
• 1. a condenser lens focuses light through specimen.
• 2. an objective lense magnifies the specimens image
• 3. An ocular lens magnifies the image into the eye.

More magnifying power than light.

Passes electrons through Specimen.

Comparison of three microscopes

• Lack of membrane-bound nucleus
• Smaller than eukaryotic cells
• 2 Domains.

• DNA evidence
• Biochemical differences.

• Lack a membrane-bound nucleus
• full of cytoplasm bound by plasma membrane
• Ribosomes for protein synthesis
• Long looped chromosome found in NUCLEOID
• Reproduce by splitting in two

• Cyanobacteria can photsynthesize
• cell wall outside plasma membrane
• May have PILL (attachment) or FLAGELLA (movement)

memorize

• Domain Eukarya
• Divide into protists,plants fungi and animals.

Divided into protists, plants, fungi and animals.

Organells: perform specific functions.

Bounded by plasma.

• Cells are rich in membrane.
• Most organells are membranouse
• Anmail VS. Plants Cells.

• TABLE 4.4
• Animal and Plant Cell Differences
• Structure Animal Cell Plant Cell
• Cell wall No Yes
• Chloroplast No YES
• Lysosomes YES NO
• Centrioles YES NO
• Large central vacuole No YES
• Shap Round Rectangular

Is a Major Function of Cells

DNA

Net work of strans that condenses to form chromosomes.

Dark region of Chromatin where ribosomal RNA (rRna)subunits made Nuclear envelop.

• Sepeartes the nucleus from cytoplasm
• Double membrane
• Nuclear pores to permit passage of ribsomal sub units.

• Non-membrane-bound particles where protein synthesis occurs.
• Found in both prokaryotes and sukaryotes
• Made of 2 sub units

Some float free in cytoplasm others attached to (ER).

Is a copy of a gene that tells a cell how to make the particular polypeptide of protien at a ribosome.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Consists of membranous tubles and flattened sacs.

• studded with ribosomes
• Proteins modiefied inside

• no attach ribosomes
• Lipeds synthesis, detofication