Vet Sci 4 Cardio

Between 3rd and 6th intercostal space

• palpate apical beat
• asculation
• IC injection

• O₂+Nurtition
• Removal of waste product
• transport of hormones

• Anterior Vena Cava
• Right Atrium
• Tricuspid valve
• Right Ventricle
• pulmonary valve
• pulmonary Artery
• LUNGS
• Pulmonary Vein
• Left Atrium
• Bicuspid valve
• left ventricle
• Aortic Valve
• Aorta

• 1. SA node
• 2. AV node
• 3. Bundle of HIS
• 4. Perkinje Fibers

sets rythmic activity of the heart by stimulationg contraction

transfers impulse from SA to the ventricals aloowing slight delay for complete filling of the ventricals

transfers impulse from AV node to bundle branches

send impulase from branches to the myocardium

Recording of electrical activity in the heart

Right Lateral

• Right Axillary - White
• Right inguinal - Green
• Left Axillary - Black
• Left inguinal - Red
• Chest - Brown

• P - Atrial Contraction
• QRS - Ventricular Contraction
• T - Ventricular Repolarization

• Disruption in normal activity in the heart
• abnormal in rate, rythem, or impulse origin

• 1. Evaluate R-R intervals
• 2. Determine if the impulses are sinus or not.
• a.Evaluate P waves
• b. Determine the relationship between P waves and QRS complexes
• c. Evaluate T waves
• 3. Look for anything unusual

• SA Node 70-120 impulses per minute
• AV node 40-60
• Bundle of HIS 40-60
• bundle branches 20-40
• purkinji fibers 20-40

• Electrical interference
• Pt movement
• wandering baseline
• dried electrodes

• Regular sinus rythem with slower rate
• Dogs <70bpm
• Cats <120Bpm

• Auscultate
• Pulse
• Palpate apex
• ECG

Turbulent blood flow that creates extra heart sound

heard between S1 and S2 lubb (swoosh) dubb

occurs after S2 dubb dubb (swoosh)

• 1.Valvular insufficiency - Leaky Valves ( Tricuspid & Bicuspid / Aortic & Pulmonic)
• 2. Valvular Stenosis - Partially blocked valve (Aortic & Pulmonary, Right causes Ascites / Left causes pulmonary edema )
• 3. PDA - opening between aorta and pulmonary artery (Pulmonary edema)

• I - quite & Local
• II-quite
• III-murmur can be heard immediatly
• IV-constant and loud, thrill can be felt
• V-constant with prominant thrill
• VI can hear w/o a stethoscope

colume of blood ejected from the heard during each beat

Volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

amount of pressure stretching the right ventricle after passive filling

pressure the chamber generates to eject blood from the heart

• 1. Increase HR
• 2. myocardium Hypertrophy - muscle mass inc
• 3. Dilation of chambers - inc chamber size

excess fluid in the space between the tissues lining the abdomen and abdominal organs (the peritoneal cavity).

Physical wasting with loss of weight and muscle mass

The inability to breathe easily unless one is sitting up straight or standing erect

abnormality in the heart; condition can lead to heart failure

C/S : tachycardic, lethergy, cardiac cough, tachypnea

unable to maintain Cardiac output

C/S : pulmonary edema, pall MM, low BP, long CRT, orthopnea, cachexia

Due to ascites

• 1. Ausculation - evaluates source of murmur
• 2. Echocardiogram - measure chambers & sounds
• 3. Doppler - let us hear artery, systolic BP 85-130mm hg
• 4. Oscillometric - diastolic BP
• 5.Blood Gas - O2 - % of oxigen saturated hemoglobin
• 6.Radiographs - size position
• 7.ECG - arrythmias

80-130 mmhg

• 1.PDA
• 2.Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - hole allowing blood go from left to right / right to left
• 3. Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
• 4. Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis (Pulmonary edema / Ascites)

• 1. AV insufficiency - caused by periodontal dz
• 2. Heartworm - right side of heart, right ventricle pulmonary valve (ascites)
• 3.Vegetative Endocarditis - bacteria settles on AV nodes
• 4. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - big muscle small chambers (maincoons)
• 5. Dilated cardiomyopathy - small muscle, large chambers Commonly related to feline taurine def.
• 6. Pericarditis/Cardiac Tamponade - caused by bac,virus,renal failure(muffled heart sounds)

• Great dane
• wolf hound
• cockers
• goldens
• gemans
• doberman pinchers
• boxers

Cardiopulmonary cerebrovascular Resuscitation

Cardiopulmonary Arrest- sudden cessation of spontaneous and effective ventilation and systemic perfusion

• *hypoxia
• *metabolidc disorders (addisons)
• *trauma
• *Anesthetic or other drugs
• *enviornmental influences

• 1. no palpable pulse
• 2.no auscultable heart beat
• 3. no ventilatory attempts
• 4. Discolored MM
• 5.dilated Pupils

• 3-4 mins of arrest
• Changes in O₂ Delivery to the brain
• Generation of toxins doue to Hypoxia

• pre-arrest condition
• time elapsed since arrest
• cause of arrest
• inefective external cardial massage
• client wishes

• Basic life support-temporary
• Advanced life support-drugs and Dfib
• Prolonged life support- Past CPCR if Pt survives

• 1 airway management
• 2 cardiovascular managemnt
• 3 venous access
• 4 Monitoring
• 5 Drug administration

portable med. device that can be used to shack a heart back into rhythm; delivers a jolt of electricity that can shock the heart back into its proper rhythm

• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation
• Drugs/Defib

• I = Force of contraction - antiarrhythmias
• C = Heart Rate - Vasodilators

epicardium, myocardium, endocardium, pericardium

(Cardioquin, Quindex) - Atrial Fibulation, increases Conduction

(Pronestryl, Procamide SR) - VPC's V Tach

(Lidocaine, Xylocaine) - VPCs and V Tach

toxic in cats

(Inderal, Intensol) - Cat's VPC, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

• (Bretylol) Chem defib, V tach, V fib
• decreases HR

(Cordarone) -tx vpc and vtach chemical defib.

(Enacarol) -congestive heart failure, hypertension

(Apresoline) dec BR

(Nitro-bid, Nitrol) - dec BP rapidly

(Vetmedin) - tx CHF caused by DCM

(Lasix) - TX of pulmonary Edema

(Hycodan) - tx Cardiac Cough

(Thedair, Uniphyl) - Bronchodilalator, tx asthma used in conjuction w/ other in CHF and pulmonary Edema

tx heart failure, Increase CO by increasing the force of conractions (+I)

• (Cardoxin, Lanoxin)
• Digitalis drug-tx of CHF and Afib (+I) (-C)

• mimic CNS (+I) (+C)
• Increase BP by vasoconstriction

Catacholamine tx: CPA

• (Dopram HCL, Inotropine)
• Catacholamine tx for actue heart failure, shock, oligura due to renal failure (Natural)

• (Dobutrex)
• catecholamine
• synthetic tx for shock, increase BP (+I)

• (Isuprel)
• works as antiarrythmic, bronchoconstrictione

Bradycardia

• 50mm = x20
• 25mm = x10