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awk/nawk [options] file
scan for patterns in a file and process the results
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cat [options] file
concatenate (list) a file
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cd [directory]
change directory
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chgrp [options] group file
change the group of the file
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chmod [options] file
change file or directory access permissions
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chown [options] owner file
change the ownership of a file; can only be done by the superuser
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cut (options) [file(s)]
cut specified field(s)/character(s) from lines in file(s)
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date [options]
report the current date and time
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dd [if=infile] [of=outfile] [operand=value]
copy a file, converting between ASCII and EBCDIC or swapping byte order, as specified
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diff [options] file1 file2
compare the two files and display the differences (text files only)
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df [options] [resource]
report the summary of disk blocks and inodes free and in use
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du [options] [directory or file]
report amount of disk space in use
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echo [text string]
echo the text string to stdout
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ed or ex [options] file
Unix line editors
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emacs [options] file
full-screen editor
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expr arguments
evaluate the arguments. Used to do arithmetic, etc. in the shell.
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file [options] file
classify the file type
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find directory [options] [actions]
find files matching a type or pattern
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finger [options] user[@hostname]
report information about users on local and remote machines
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ftp [options] host
transfer file(s) using file transfer protocol
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gzip [options] file, gunzip [options] file, zcat [options] file
compress or uncompress a file. Compressed files are stored with a .gz ending
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head [-number] file
display the first 10 (or number of) lines of a file
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hostname
display or set (super-user only) the name of the current machine
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kill [options] [-SIGNAL] [pid#] [%job]
send a signal to the process with the process id number (pid#) or job control number (%n). The default signal is to kill the process.
-
ln [options] source_file target
link the source_file to the target
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lpq [options], lpstat [options]
show the status of print jobs
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lpr [options] file, lp [options] file
print to defined printer
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lprm [options], cancel [options]
remove a print job from the print queue
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ls [options] [directory or file]
list directory contents or file permissions
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mail [options] [user], mailx [options] [user], Mail [options] [user]
simple email utility available on Unix systems. Type a period as the first character on a new line to send message out, question mark for help.
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man [options] command
show the manual (man) page for a command
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mkdir [options] directory
make a directory
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more [options] file, less [options] file, pg [options] file
page through a text file
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mv [options] file1 file2
move file1 into file2
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od [options] file
octal dump a binary file, in octal, ASCII, hex, decimal, or character mode.
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passwd [options]
set or change your password
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paste [options] file
paste field(s) onto the lines in file
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pr [options] file
filter the file and print it on the terminal
-
ps [options]
show status of active processes
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pwd
print working (current) directory
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rcp [options] hostname
remotely copy files from this machine to another machine
-
rlogin [options] hostname
login remotely to another machine
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rm [options] file
remove (delete) a file or directory (-r recursively deletes the directory and its contents) (-i prompts before removing files)
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rmdir [options] directory
remove a directory
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rsh [options] hostname
remote shell to run on another machine
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script file
saves everything that appears on the screen to file until exit is executed
-
sed [options] file
stream editor for editing files from a script or from the command line
-
sort [options] file
sort the lines of the file according to the options chosen
-
source file
read commands from the file and execute them in the current shell. source: C shell, .: Bourne shell.
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strings [options] file
report any sequence of 4 or more printable characters ending in or . Usually used to search binary files for ASCII strings.
-
stty [options]
set or display terminal control options
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tail [options] file
display the last few lines (or parts) of a file
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tar key[options] [file(s)]
tape archiver--refer to man pages for details on creating, listing, and retrieving from archive files. Tar files can be stored on tape or disk.
-
tee [options] file
copy stdout to one or more files
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telnet [host [port]]
communicate with another host using telnet protocol
-
touch [options] [date] file
create an empty file, or update the access time of an existing file
-
tr [options] string1 string2
translate the characters in string1 from stdin into those in string2 in stdout
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uncompress file.Z
uncompress file.Z and save it as a file
-
uniq [options] file
remove repeated lines in a file
-
uudecode [file]
decode a uuencoded file, recreating the original file
-
uuencode [file] new_name
encode binary file to 7-bit ASCII, useful when sending via email, to be decoded as new_name at destination
-
vi [options] file
visual, full-screen editor
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wc [options] [file(s)]
display word (or character or line) count for file(s)
-
whereis [options] command
report the binary, source, and man page locations for the command named
-
which command
reports the path to the command or the shell alias in use
-
who or w
report who is logged in and what processes are running
-
zcat file.Z
concatenate (list) uncompressed file to screen, leaving file compressed on disk
-
cp [options] file1 file2
copy file1 into file2; file2 shouldn't already exist. This command creates or overwrites file2.
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chsh (passwd -e/-s) username login_shell
change the user's login shell (often only by the superuser)
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