-
-
copying the DNA sequence into the messenger RNA
-
-
phenotypic characteristics are passed across generations without being specifically selected for or against (ie. blood pressure, heart dimensions and metabolism)
-
-
how resources are divided between life history traits
-
-
biological process of degeneration which adversely affects vitality and function and leads to an increased risk of death
-
-
genes have multiple effects
-
-
those that allowed an individual to extract more resources from a restricted environment and/or store them; but now that we have longer lifespans, they end up leading to disease
-
-
the study of the relationships between functions and components of the body and body size
-
-
clearly delineated phases in development
-
-
month 2 to end of lactation; rapid growth; feeding b;y lactation; deciduous teeth eruption; developmental milestones in physiology, behaviour and cognition
-
-
3-7 years; moderate growth rate; dependency for feeding; mid-growth spurt; eruption of first permanent molar and incisor; cessation of brain growth
-
-
7-10 (girls) or 7-12 (boys); slower growth rate; independent feeding; learning of economic and social skills
-
-
at end of juvenile stage; increase in sex hormone secretion; reactivation of central nervous system mechanism for sexual development
-
-
5-8 years following puberty; growth spurt in weight and height; permanent tooth eruption completes; development of secondary sexual characteristics completes; socio-sexual maturation; practice in adult social, economic and sexual activities
-
-
20 years to end of child-bearing; homeostasis is physiology, behaviour and cognition, menopause for women by 50
-
-
the end of the ability to bear children for women
-
-
slowing down of the rate of development
-
-
the timing of the appearance of a feature is altered in relation to others
-
-
a prolongation of time for the development of a feature leading to its relative magnification
-
-
mRNA is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain that will fold into an active protein
-
-
the entirety of an organism’s hereditary information
-
-
a parent’s pair of alleles split and only one is passed on to the child
-
-
alleles from both parents unite in random pairs; the dominant allele dictates how the traits are expressed in the phenotype
-
-
a metaphor for biological development where cell fates are determined and narrowed in development much like a marble rolls down to the lowest local elevation
-
-
environmental stressors that act as blocks against expressions of genetic variation: force the organism to choose one certain path to increase fitness
-
-
the constellation of key characteristics including the patterns of growth, development, reproduction and mortality which define progress through life
-
-
balancing between life history traits such as age vs size at maturity number vs quality of offspring current vs future reproduction fecundity vs lifespan
-
-
when severe environmental influences disrupt development through interference with processes of gene expression, cell proliferation, or migration
-
immediately adaptive responses
-
responses which the organism must make to survive a developmental challenge
-
predictive adaptive responses
-
responses that are made for anticipated need or advantage later in the life course
-
-
behaviours that are advantageous are selected for and eventually become instinctual (heritable)
-
-
the actual reproductive rate of an individual
-
-
the age at death of a population
-
-
-
-
the ability to create offspring
-
-
the relative size of intervals of offspring production
-
-
causes of death from without (ie. predation)
-
-
related to how the body allocates its resources across biological functions
-
-
time passing - getting older
-
-
mammals in colder climates are bigger because they have less surface area relative to volume and therefore loss relatively less heat
-
-
mammals in colder climates have shorter limbs relative to the trunk to reduce the surface area
-
-
as the climate gets colder and drier, the nose gets narrower and more protuberant so it can warm and humidify the air before it reaches the lungs
-
-
a period of time from one phase of growth to the next generation’s same growth phase
|
|
