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Describe the physical development of an infant
- sensory perception
- sleep-wake cycle
- soothing
- reflexes in the neonate
- locomotion
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physical needs of an infant
- healthy diet
- physical contact
- safe enviornment
- stimulating enviornment
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Describe the physical development of the infants sensory perception of vision including the visual cliff and how to stimulate them.
- visual cliff test - to see if children have developed depth perception
- stimulate their vision with bright colors and geometric shapes
- children have all of their senses at birth, but they continue to develop after birth
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describe the physical development of the infants sensory perception of hearing.
- babies can hear before birth
- they are able to distinguish mothers and fathers voice within one week of birth
- sing talk and play music to your baby
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describe the physical development of the infants sensory perception of touch.
- babies are very sensitive in the areas of the face, plams, backbone, genitals, soles
- can be soothed by stroking
- like different textures and warm baths
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describe the physical development of the infants sensory perception of smell and taste.
- know the difference between sweet, sour, salty and bitter
- will begin sucking at the smell of breast milk
- let babies smell food but not taste it.
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When do babies develop a circadian rhythm and how can you help to set it?
- children do not possess a circadium rhythm until about 6-16 weeks of age
- natural dark-light cycle is important to creating childrens circadium rhythm
- co-sleeping may benefit children that are at risk of SIDS
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What is soothing and describe ways to sooth a baby.
- involves a reduction of stimuli and can be accomplished in a myriad of ways
- swaddling (mimin the womb)
- rocking (glider)
- pacifier
- walking with baby
- riding in tha car
- warm bath
- play soft music or sing lullabies
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One part of physical development in an infant is locomotion. What is it and when should it occur?
- the ability to move from 1 location to another
- 2.5 months roll
- 6 months forward mobility is apparent
- 7-10 months crawling
- 13-15 months first steps
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What is colostrum and where is it found? When do you wean?
- contains antibodies that the baby gets from mothers breast milk in the first few days after birth
- first 6 months breast feed then switch to formula
- 1 year switch to vitamin D milk
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When do you introduce soft foods and juices to an infant
- 6 months
- vitamin D milk only at 1 year
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what is a need?
a need is something that you have to provide for development to occur
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Another physical need of the infant is physical contact. describe some ways to have physical contact with you baby.
carry your baby in a front sling, dance with your baby, rock your baby, make faces to your baby, smile at your baby, kiss your baby
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Another physical need for an infant is a safe environment. What is the biggest danger to a infant?
- baby proofing
- baby gates, doors secure tight, no buckets around
- a baby can dround in 1 teaspoon of water
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A stimulating environment is another physical need of an infant. describe a stimulating enviornment for infants and older children.
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Infants:
- primary colors - red, yellow, blue, with goemetric shapes
- interactive toys - not stuffed animals
- multiple languages - let them learn as many as possible
- Older:
- multiple languages, singing songs, making up stories, naming body parts
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A stimulating enviornment is another physical need of children; describe a stimulating enviornment for older children
- learn multiple languages
- sing songs
- making up stories
- naming body parts during bathing
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What is moro reflex and when does it extinguish?
- Startle reflex; the extension of legs, arms, and fingers, arches back, draws back head.
- extinguishes between 2-3 months when the soft spot fuses
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What is the rooting reflex and when does it extinguish?
- response to touch; head turns, mouth opens, sucking motion begins
- extinguishes between 3-4 months
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What is grasping reflex and when does it extinguish?
- with any touch on the palm of hand; makes a strong fist and doesn't let go.
- extinguishes between 3-4 months
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What is stepping reflex and when does it extinguish?
- stepping reflex on any hard surface under their feet; makes strpping like motions that look like walking, the brain is hardwiring for walking.
- extinguishes between 3-4 months
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What is Babinski reflex and when does it extinguish?
- similar to grasping but for the feet where the toes fan out and foot twists in
- seen up until about 1 year at which the relflex reverses to toes curling
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What is the sucking reflex?
happens when something is inside the mouth; response to nipple or bottle and is essential to live, may choke in items
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What reflexes which remain past neonatal stage?
- Blinking
- yawning
- coughing
- gagging
- sneezing
- pupillary response
- we have no control over, they exist beyone
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