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Which Aminoglycolside has ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity?
gentamicin
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What is an aminoglycoside?
- bactericidal
- gram negative agents
- used for serious infections
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Tobrex, Tobi, TobraDex
Tobramycin
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What drug should not be used as a monotherapy to treat pneumonia?
tobramycin
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What aminoglycoside is used to treat exacerbations in cystic fibrosis patients?
tobramycin
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Neosporin
Neomycin-polymyxin B
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What is neosporin-polymyxin B used for?
minor skin infections
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What 2 drugs are most highly effective against tuberculosis?
-
What are antimycobacterials?
combat mycobacterium, which have a very different cell wall anatomy than other bacteria
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Laniazid, Nydrazid
Isoniazid
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What is isoniazid (Laniazid, Nydrazid) used for?
treatment of active and latent TB
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What are some common SE of isoniazid?
- peripheral neuropathy
- abdominal pain
- elevated liver fxn tests
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What are some rare SE of isoniazid?
- hepatitis
- hypersensitivity
- anemia
- systemic lupus
- thrombocytopenia
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What drug has the common abbreviation INH?
isoniazid
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Which antimycobacterial should be coadministered with pyridoxine (vitamin B6)? Why?
- isoniazid
- to prevent peripheral neuropathy
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Rifadin, Rimactane
Rifampin (g)
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What is rifampin used for?
- active and latent treatment of TB
- treating asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitides
- synergistic therapy for gram+ infections like endocarditis
-
What are the most common SE rifampin?
- nausea
- vomiting
- cramps
- rash
- fever
- drowsiness
- elevated liver fxn tests
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What are some rare SE of rifampin?
- hypersensitivity
- thrombocytopenia
- hyperbilirubinemia
-
_____ is a potent inducer of many hepatic enzymes, especially the CYP450 system?
rifampin
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Which drug will turn your tears, urine and sweat orange/red?
rifampin
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Which anti-infectives were the second class of antibiotics to be developed?
penicillins
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Which anti-infective inhibits bacterial cell growth by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes?
penicillins
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What are the common SE of all penicillins?
- nausea
- vomiting
- diarrhea
- rash
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What are the rare SE of all penicillins?
- hypersensitivity
- anaphylaxis
- seizures
- pseudomembranous colitis
-
What drug class should not be give to a patient who is allergic to cephalosporin antibiotics?
penicillins
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What are the main drugs which interact with penicillins?
- probenicid
- chloramphenicol
- macrolides
- sulfonamides
- tetracyclines
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Amoxil, Trimox
amoxicillin (g)
-
What is amoxicillin most commonly used for?
- URI
- UTI
- skin and skin structure infections
- H. pylori infection in gut
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T/F: amoxicillin and ampicillin have the same antimicrobial spectrum.
true
-
Which has better oral absorption- amoxicillin or ampicillin?
amoxicillin
-
Augmentin
amoxicillin/clavulanate (g)
-
What is augmentin used for?
- upper and lower respiratory infections
- skin infections
- UTI
- mixed aerobic and anaerobic infections
-
How can you minimize adverse GI effects when taking augmentin?
take at start of a meal
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T/F: amoxicillin has a broader antimicrobial spectrum than augmentin.
false
-
Beepen-VK, Pen-VK, Veetids
penicillin
-
What is penicillin used for?
- strep
- anthrax
- prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections or recurrent rheumatic fever
- necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
-
Which anti-infectives are beta-lactam antibiotics? (resistant to beta-lactamase enzymes)
cephalosporins
-
What is the cephalosporin MOA?
inhibits bacterial cell growth in susceptible bacteria by inhibiting transpeptidase enzymes (inhibit synthesis of cell wall)
-
What are the most common SE of cephalosporins?
- rash
- diarrhea
- hypersensitivity
-
What are rare SE of cephalosporins?
- anaphylaxis
- bone marrow suppression
- clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea
-
-
What is cefzil(cefprozil) used for?
- upper and lower resp infections
- skin infections
- tonsilitis
-
What are the most common SE of cefprozil?
-
What is the main drug that affects cefprozil?
probenicid
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Cefprozil is a ____ generation cephalosporin?
second
-
If patient has PKU, what drug should they not use?
cefprozil
-
-
What 2 drugs can be used to treat gonorrhea, Lyme disease, UTIs and resp infections, etc?
-
Which drug can cause biliary sludging in neonates?
rocephin
-
Rocephin is a _____ generation cephalosporin?
third
-
-
Which cephalosporin is available as both IV injection and oral tab/suspension?
cefuroxime (ceftin)
-
Keflex, Keftab
cephalexin
-
What is cephalexin used for?
-
Cephalexin is a _____ generation cephalosporin?
first
-
T/F: cephalexin is effective against MRSA.
false
-
-
T/F: all fluoroquinolones are available IV and orally.
true
-
-
-
-
-
Name a glycopeptide.
vanco
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What are common SE of vanco?
- "Red Man's syndrome" (rash, flushing, tachycardia, hypotension)
- phlebitis
- nephrotoxicity
-
Which drug can affect the actions of anesthesia?
- vanco
- can enhance histamine release and rash
-
What is the drug of choice for treating MRSA?
vanco
-
There is only one commonly used lincosamide. What is it?
clindamycin
-
-
T/F: clindamycin can be used to treat some strains of MRSA.
true
-
Which antibiotic can actually cause psuedomembranous colitis instead of treat it?
clindamycin
-
Zithromax, Zmx, Z-pak
azithromycin
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Biaxin, Biaxin XL
clarithromycin
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Ery-Tab, E-Mycin, EES, Ilosone, EryPed
Erythromycin
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What are some macrolides?
- erythromycin
- clarithromycin
- azithromycin
-
Which macrolide is used off-label for motility?
erythromycin
-
-
What is the only common nitroimidazole used?
metronidazole (flagyl)
-
What is flagyl used for?
- anaerobic infections (mostly)
- C. difficile infections
- pelvic inflamm disease
- rosacea
- GI surgery prophylaxis
- bacterial vaginosis
- trichomoniasis
- giardiasis
- H.pylori infection
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Which drug has a common SE of metallic taste?
metronidazole (flagyl)
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Name a folic acid antagonist (sulfonamide as well)
-
Bactrim, Septra
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
-
Which antibiotic can be used to treat traveller's diarrhea?
Bactrim
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Which antibiotics are the drug of choice for tick-borne diseases?
tetracyclines
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Which antibiotic can cause tooth discoloration if used too long?
tetracyclines
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Which antibiotics may render oral contraceptives less effective?
tetracyclines
-
Which drug must be thrown out if therapy is complete and do not use outdated because it could cause Fanconi syndrome (kidney damage)?
tetracycline
-
-
What drug can treat Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever, Lyme disease, plague, tularemia, Q fever, rickettsialpox?
doxycycline (or minocycline)
-
-
What are 2 tetracyclines?
-
What is the only nitrofuran?
nitrofurantoin
-
Macrodantin, Macrobid
Nitrofurantoin
-
What is the antibiotic of choice for a UTI that is resistant to bactrim, septra, cipro, levaquin, or avelox?
Nitrofurantoin
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T/F: nitrofurantoin should not be used for any other infection other than uncomplicated cystitis.
true
-
T/F: nitrofurantoin can be used in pregnant women.
true
-
Which antibiotic will give a false positive on a urine glucose test?
nitrofurantoin
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