-
Right lung has __ lobes
3
-
-
what are the 2 walls lining the lungs
Visceral & parietal
-
Which wall directly adheres to lung tissue
Visceral
-
What makes up the respiratory tract (4)
Nares, oral cavity, nasal conchae, pharynx
-
What is the common name for nares
Nostrils
-
What does the upper respiratory tract do
Warm and humidify air
-
What are the 2 parts of the lower respiratory tract
Conducting and respiratory portion
-
What makes up the conduction portion of the upper respiratory (3 main)
Larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
-
What is the sequence of bronchi branching
Primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchious, terminal
-
What are the 3 parts of the respiratory portion of the upper respiratory
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
-
The respiratory portion is part of the __ respiratory tract
Lower
-
Gas exchanges occurs in the ___ portion of the __ respiratory tract
Respiratory, lower
-
What are the 4 trends as you move from superficial to deep in lung tissue
Height, cilia/goblet cells, elastic, cartilage
-
What is the sequence of cartilage from superficial to deep
Rings, plate, rods, none
-
What are the 4 layers of the trachea
Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia
-
The mucosa has ___ cells with ___
Ciliated columnar, goblet cells
-
The mucosa is the ___ layer
Innermost
-
The mucosa is made up of the ___ and ___
Lamina propria, elastic layer
-
The elastic layer is replaced by smooth muscle in the __ and __
Bronchi and smaller bronchioles
-
Bronchioles have ___ cells
Cuboidal
-
Alveoli have __ cells
Squamous
-
The submucosa contains __
Glands
-
The cartilage is in forms of ___ and prevents the ___ of the airway
c-shaped rings, collapse
-
The adventitia is the __ layer of connective tissue
Outer layer
-
The bronchioles don�t have� (3)
Cilia, cartilage, glands
-
Where does smooth muscle begin to replace cartilage
Mucosa of secondary bronchi
-
What 4 layers does secondary bronchus have
Mucosa, submucosa, cartilage, adventitia
-
What are the 3 cell types of alveolus
Type 1 (simple squamous epithelium), type 2 (septal), macrophages
-
Which type of alveolus cell secretes surfactant
Type 2
-
What 2 connective tissue structures creates pull to keep alveoli from collapsing
Elastic and reticular
-
___ prevent overexpansion of lungs
alveolar pore
-
name the path of oxygen from alveola to blood (8)
surfactant.. type 1 cells.. basal lamina of alveolus.. basal lamina of capillary.. capillary endothelium.. blood plasma.. RBC membrane.. hgb
-
most of the blood entering the lungs flows via ___
Pulmonary arteries
-
Blood in pulm arteries is oxygen ___
Poor
-
Oxygen-rich blood arrives from the ___ via ___
Aorta, bronchial arteries
-
The oxygen-poor blood in pulm artery comes from ___ ventricle of the heart
Right
-
Pneumonia is when exudate fills the ___
Alveoli
-
COPD is __
Chronic obstructive pulm disease
-
In ___, alveolar walls disintegrate, producing large air spaces that remained filled with air
Emphysema
-
___ is the progressive destruction of lung tissue by macrophages
tuberculosis
-
what is the disease abbreviated CWP
coal workers pneumoconiosis
-
gas exchange occurs in __ and __
alveoli, respiratory bronchioles
-
what is the name for the avg volume of a typical breath
Tidal Volume (TV)
-
What is the extra volume you can inhale beyond normal
Inspiratory reserve (IRV)
-
What is the amount of air that you can exhale forcefully after a normal exhalation
Expiratory reserve (ERV)
-
Residual volume (RV) is the volume of air ___ in lungs after a ___ exhalation
Remaining, forced
-
Which volume cannot be measured
RV
-
The inspiratory capacity (IC) is the __ + __
TV + IRV
-
What is the amount of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhale
Inspiratory capacity (IC)
-
The functional residual capacity (FRC) is __ + __
ERV + RV
-
What is the amount of gas left after a normal exhale
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
-
The Vital capacity (VC) is the __ + __ + ___
IRV + TV + ERV
-
What is the max amount of gas that can be exhaled after a max inhalation
Vital capacity (VC)
-
What is the total amount of gas after a max inspiration
Total lung capacity (TLC)
-
What are the 2 categories of respiratory diseases
Obstructive and restrictive
-
What are some signs of obstructive lung disease
Dec FEV, FEV/VC < 80%, dec MVV
-
What is a sign of restrictive lung disease
Dec TLC
-
Bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema are __ lung diseases
Obstructive
-
Edma and pneumonia are __ lung diseases
Restrictive
-
What is the path of sperm into the egg (4)
Corona radiata, zona pellucida, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
-
In males, what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue
Corpus covermosa (2 columns), corpus sponginosum, tunica albuginea
-
Where is the site of spermatogenesis
Seminiferous tubules
-
The leydig cells are stimulated by __ and secrete ___
LH, testosterone
-
The __ cells provide the blood testes barrier
Sertoli
-
What are the 3 hormones needed for spermatogenesis
FSH, LH, testosterone
-
Which hormone regulates the final maturation of sperm
Testosterone
-
The __ and __ serve as sperm storage sites
Epididymis and vas deferens
-
What column does the male urethra pass through
Corpus sponginosum
-
what is another name for vas deferens
ductus deferens
-
what are 3 accessory glands in the male reproductive sys
Seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands
-
What 3 things do the seminal vesicles do
Inc semen, make nutrients, inc pH
-
What 2 things does the prostatate gland do
Make enzymes that inc sperm motility, dec pH
-
What 2 things do the bulbourethral glands do
Make a thick mucus for lubrication, inc pH
-
What are the 4 layers of the ovary
Germinal epithelium, tunica albuginea, cortex, medulla
-
Where do follicles develop in the ovary
Cortex
-
The medulla of the ovaries contain __ and __
Blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
-
Where does fertilizaton occur
In the distal part of the uterine tubule
-
Why is syngamy
The fertilization of one sperm to one eg
-
What are the 2 things that regulate syngamy
Enzymes and depolarization
-
What are the 2 layers of the oocyte
Corona radiata and zona pellucida
-
Spermatogonia, or immature cells, are haploid/diploid in the female
Diploid
-
Sperm are haploid/diploid
Haploid
-
A zygote is haploid/diploid
Diploid
-
What are the 3 stages of development after fertilization
Zygote, morula, blastocyst
-
What is a morula
Blastomere
-
What is a blastocyst
Structure that implants into endometrium
-
What are the 2 parts of a blastocyst
Tropoblast and inner cell mast
-
When does the blastocyst implant into endometrium
6th day
-
what is the function of the accessory glands in males
Increase semen volume
-
Which male accessory gland makes the most impact
Seminal vesicles
-
What produces the hcg
Placenta
-
What are the 3 layers of the uterus
Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
-
Which uterine layer has the lamina propria
Endometrium
-
Which cavities does the diaphragm separate
Thoracic and abdominal
-
The ureter and bladder are found in the __ cavity
Pelvic
-
The heart is in the __ cavity
Pericardial
-
The __ are in the pleural cavity
Lungs
-
The thoracic cavity contains the __, __, and __ cavities
Pericardial, pleural, mediastinum
-
The heart, lungs, thymus, trachea, pharynx are found in the __
Mediastinum
-
What are the 3 branches off the aorta in humans
Brachiocephalic, l. common carotid, r. common carotid
-
What are the 2 branches off the aorta in pigs
Brachiocephalic, l. subclavian
-
A ___ is the same size as the zygote, just denser
Morula
-
The zygote is cleaved into smaller and smaller cells called ___
Blastomeres
-
Implantation occurs during the __ phase of the endometrium
Secretory
-
The open, funnel-like end of the uterine tube is the __
Infundibulum
-
The uterine tubes convey ovum to __
Uterus
-
In females, what is homologous to the male scrotum
Labia majora
-
In females, what is homologous to the penis
Clitoris
-
What is the muscular wall of the uterus
Myometrium
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