-
low levels of estrogen
removes inhibition of fsh and lh
-
moderate levels of estrogen
inhibits fsh and lh
-
High levels of estrogen
stimulates gnrh and promotes the release of fsh and lh
-
phase of secondary oocyte
metaphase II
-
Amount of DNA in secondary oocyte
N
-
corpus hemmorrhagicum
blood clot that forms after ovulation
-
GnRH
causes the release of FSH and LH
-
FSH
stimulates initial development if ivarian follicles, helps in the follicle's secretion of estrotgen and inhibin
-
LH
helps maturing the dominant follicle, causes the secondary oocyte to be released (ovulation) maintains the corpus luteum (if fertilized)
-
progesterone only secreted by the...
corpus luteum
-
progesterone
prepares endometrium for implantation
-
progesterone
inhibits gnrh and lh
-
inhibin
inhibits release of FSH so there is only 1 dominant follicle and the rest die
-
relaxin
keeps the uterus relaxed, inhibits contraction of smooth muscle
-
hCG
released by the chorion of embryo to maintain the corpus luteum which is releasing progesterone and estrogen to maintain the functional layer
-
hCS
prepares mammary glands for lactation, increases protein synthesis, decreases glucose use for ATP production
-
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
establishes time of birth, increases secretion of cortisol
-
Cortisol
released later in pregnancy, contributes to surfactant production
-
most common form of estragen in non preganant female
12 beta estradiol
-
form of 12 beta estradiol in pregnant female
estriol
-
seminiferous tubule
location of spermatogenisis
-
epididymus
maturation of sperm takes place here
-
leydig cells
secrete testosterone
-
sertoli cell surface
where sperm is made
-
Blood testis barrier
protects sperm from immune system
-
spermatogonium
stem cells from which sperm are produced
-
LH
stimulates testosterone secretion
-
leydig cells have _______ receptor
LH
-
Sertoli cells have ______ receptor
FSH
-
Nuclei of sertoli cells has ______ receptor
androgen
-
Androgen Binding protein is secreted by____
sertoli cells
-
high concentration of testosterone
spermatogensis occurs
-
Inhibin
inhibits release of FSH; controls number of sperm
-
5 alpha reductase is located in
prostate and semincal vesicle
-
5 alpha reductase converts __________ to _________
testosterone; DHT
-
testosterone
steroidal hormone that can go through plasma membrane to form a complex with its receptor which is a gene regulator
-
before birth testosterone...
stimulates male development of ducts and descent of testis
-
DHT
stimulates the development of external ganglia
-
pill
synthetic estrogen and progestines thich inhibit fsh and lh so the lh surge can not take place.
-
ru486
progesterone antagonist so ovum can not implant
-
XY
Normal male with testes
-
XX
Normal female with ovaries
-
-
Kleinfeter's syndrome
sterile male with mental retardation but somewhat functional testis
-
-
Turner's syndrome
no gonads but phenotypically female
-
YO
die during embryonic development
-
XYY
Normal Male, taller than average
-
XXX
Female with normal intelligence
-
>XXX
female with underdeveloped ovaries and mental retardation
-
blask structure
primative kidney
-
SRY
gene on y chromosome that tells sertoli to produce mullerian inhibiting substance
-
MIS
Mullerian inhibiting substance that prevents development of female ducts
-
Wolffian duct
forms vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and seminal vessicle upon stimulation by testosterone
-
efferent ductules become...
seminiferous tubules
-
mullerian duct
forms uterus, vagina, and fallopian tubes
-
DHT
controls external genitalia
-
genital tubercle elongates to form
penis
-
labiscrotal swelling becomes
scrotum
-
Gonadal Ridge
Becomes testes or ovaries
-
genetic male with removal of the gonadal ridge
No t or DHT, internal F, external F
-
Genetic female with testes implanted
have t and dht, internal m, external m
-
Mutant without 5 alpha reductase
have t and no dht, internal m, external f
-
menopause
amount of estrogen and progestine decrease
-
testicular cancer
cancer of spermatogenetic cells
-
dramatic change in prostate specific antigen can be a predictor of ____
prostate cancer
-
ovarian cancer
dangerous because there arent good markers
-
breast cancer increased susceptibility caused by (7)
BRCA1 or 2 genes, family history, no choldren, children after 35, exposure to ionic radiation, excessive alcohol intake, cigarette smoking
-
Pap smear detects
cervical Cancer
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