an all-purpose ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience
Intelligence
In the realm of testing, ________ is the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure criterion validity.
validity
____________ the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance
Reliability
If a test is _______., then it must be _______., but a _______. test need not be _______.
valid/reliable, reliable/valid
Good intelligence tests are not only reliable and valid but also ___________
standardized
involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards
Standardization
an individual's level of mental development relative to that of others
Mental age (MA)
IQ consists of an individual's mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by ____
100
Once he or she reaches about age ___, the concept of mental age loses its meaning
16
On an IQ test, a normal distribution is a:
bell curve
intelligence tests that are intended to be culturally unbiased
Culture-fair tests
There are no culture-fair tests, only_____________ tests
culture-reduced
_________ proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group's members
Heritability
For intelligence, heritability tells us how much of the differences we observe in intelligence is from differences in
genes
heritability is a statistic that provides information about a _____, not a(n)
Group / individual
People who are ____ have high intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent in a particular area.
gifted
Mental retardation is an IQ usually below
70
Mental retardation, more recently termed
intellectual disability
_______________ is mental retardation caused by a genetic disorder or by brain damage
Organic retardation
form of organic mental retardation, occurs when an extra chromosome is present in the individual's genetic makeup.
Down syndrome
mental deficit with no evidence of organic brain damage
Cultural-familial retardation is a
The American Association on Mental Retardation's classifications
intermittent, limited, extensive, and pervasive.
the ability to perceive emotions in ourselves and others accurately
emotional intelligence
__________theory of intelligence says that intelligence comes in multiple forms.
triarchic
Triarchic theory types of intelligence:
Analtytical, creative, practical
The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast
Analytical intelligence
The ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine.
Creative intelligence
The ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice
Practical intelligence
The ability to think in words and use language to express meaning
verbal
The ability to carry out mathematical operations
Mathematical
The ability to think three-dimensionally
Spatial
The ability to manipulate objects and to be physically adept.
Bodily spatial
The ability to be sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone.
Musical
The ability to understand and interact effectively with others.
Interpersonal
The ability to understand oneself.
Intrapersonal
The ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural and human-made systems.
Naturalist
The ability to grapple with the big questions of human existence, such as the meaning of life and death, with special sensitivity to issues of spirituality.
Existentialist
T or F : According to Gardner, no one has all of these intelligences to varying degrees
False
form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols
Language
All human languages have infinite__________, the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences
generativity
a language's sound system
Phonology
A language's rules for word formation
Morphology
smallest unit of language that carries meaning.
morpheme
language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences
Syntax
the meaning of words and sentences in a particular language.
Semantics
the useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said
Pragmatics
a view that argues that language determines the way we think,
linguistic relativity hypothesis
notion that men are somehow missing out on an emotional expressway is also reflected in the
extreme male brain theory of autism
Genetic disorder: extraordinary verbal, social, and musical abilities while having an extremely low IQ and difficulty with motor tasks and numbers
Williams syndrome
In Chomsky's view, language has strong underpinnings that are
biological & prewired
Kuhl shows babies are universal linguists until about 6 months of age but in the next 6 months become
