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Categorical data
Labels or names used to identify an attribute of each element. Categorical data use either the nominal or ordinal scale of measurement and may be nonnumeric or numeric.
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Categorical variable
A variable with categorical data.
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Census
A survey to collect data on the entire population.
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Cross-sectional data
Data collected at the same or approximately the same point in time.
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Data
The facts and figures collected, analyzed, and summarized for presentation and interpretation.
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Data mining
- The process of using procedures from statistics and computer science to
- extract useful information from extremely large databases.
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Data set
All the data collected in a particular study.
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Descriptive statistics
Tabular, graphical, and numerical summaries of data.
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Elements
The entities on which data are collected.
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Interval scale
The scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate the properties of ordinal data and the interval between values is expressed in terms of a fixed unit of measure. Interval data are always numeric.
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Nominal scale
The scale of measurement for a variable when the data are labels or names used to identify an attribute of an element. Nominal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.
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Observation
The set of measurements obtained for a particular element.
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Ordinal scale
The scale of measurement for a variable if the data exhibit the properties of nominal data and the order or rank of the data is meaningful. Ordinal data may be nonnumeric or numeric.
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Population
The set of all elements of interest in a particular study.
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Quantitative data
Numeric values that indicate how much or how many of something. Quantitative data are obtained using either the interval or ratio scale of measurement.
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Quantitative variable
A variable with quantitative data.
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Ratio scale
The scale of measurement for a variable if the data demonstrate all the properties of interval data and the ratio of two values is meaningful. Ratio data are always numeric.
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Sample
A subset of the population.
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Sample survey
A survey to collect data on a sample.
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Statistical inference
The process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population.
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Statistics
The art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data.
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Time series data
Data collected over several time periods.
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Variable
A characteristic of interest for the elements.
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