LAB 1

(Evolutionary Tree)

A "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships between species.

The connecting points where one species diverted into two or more species. They represent the last common ancestor between two lineages.

Branches that connect two nodes. The time spent between the evolution between two ancestors.

is usually the unlabeled, beginning portion of where the tree reading starts.

Extended portions in time between the root and future unchanged species.

The tips or leaves of the tree

• The oldest "unchanged" species in the observed tree group that is associated with the root.
• Ancestral State.

A shared trait between two or more groups. Associated with the internodes.

A character change that is unique to a single terminal taxon.

the classification system of biodiversity.

Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

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• Genus- always starts with capital letter. ex. Homo
• Species- always lowercase. ex. sapien

A group of organisms that includes their most recent common ancestor and its descendants. (one group)

A group of organisms that includes the most common ancestor and SOME of its descendants. (two groups)

A group of organisms that doesn't include their most recent common ancestor.

Male guppies that develop spots at an earlier age have a higher risk of surviving and reproducing. Male guppies with less spots are in less favor with natural selection to reproduce.

When various genetic traits of a species become more specifically common due to natural happenings. Certain traits become more selective to survive.

Question, do research/observe, hypothesis, test, analyze results.