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What is microbiology?
The study of very small living things
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What microorganism categories have we studied?
- bacteria, fungi, protozoa
- viruses, viroids, prions
- helminths
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Which organisms are unicellular?
bacteria, protozoa
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Which organisms are multicellular?
humans, fungi, helminths
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Which organisms are acellular?
prions, viruses, viroids
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What does "eukaryotic" mean?
Have a true nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles
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Which organisms are eukaryotic?
humans, helminths, fungi, protozoa
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Why is it harder to treat eukaryotic organisms?
Because their cells look a lot like ours, so medication can't distuiguish the two often
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What does prokaryotic mean?
To have no true nucleus and no membrane enclosed organelles
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How big is the average bacterium?
About 1/100th the diameter of human hair
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What components make up bacteria?
- DNA and RNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall
- (sometimes glycocalx capsule, axial fillaments or flagella)
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How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
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What happens in binary fission?
- DNA or RNA forms a circle within the cytoplasm
- New cell membrane and cell wall forms
- Process continues until cell splits
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What is a good thing about bacteria?
They can make antibiotics
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What are two types of fungi?
yeast and mold
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How are fungus infections cured?
antifungals
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What are 2 things good about fungi?
- Make antibiotics
- Decomposers
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What is used to treat protozoa infections?
antiprotozoan treatment
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What are ameobas?
protozoa
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What unicellular microorganism is motile?
Protozoa
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Why are acellular organisms technically nonliving?
they do not have cells
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What are viruses composed of?
- DNA or RNA
- protein coat "envelope"
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What microorganism is an obligate intracellular parasite?
virus
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What gets inside a cell and forces the cell from withint to reproduce that microorganism?
obligate intracellular parasite
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What are two differences between viruses and viroids?
- Viruses infect humans, viroids infect plants
- Viruses can have DNA or RNA, viroids have only RNA
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What microorganism causes disease in plants only?
viroids
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What are prions made of?
protein
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What microorganism causes transmissable spongiform encephalopathies?
prions
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What are four examples of prion diseases and what organism do they affect?
- Scrapie (sheep and goats)
- Mad cow disease (cows)
- V-CJD (people)
- Chronic waste (deer and elk)
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What are helminths?
parasitic worms
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