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general belief about something
theory
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predicts something
predictive
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have to be able to perform a test
testable
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you are able to disprove a theory
falsifiable
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notice something abour the world and develop a theory from that
induction
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a lot of pieces of info and put them together in some fasion
deduction
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average theory that an average person comes up with, one trend that generalizes a theory
inductive
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doing research just to do research; it is mainly just to add to the body of knowledge
basic research
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people name theories just to get known, this is considered a sinical view
"name" out ther
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pepole who commit crime are not normal
pyschological
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normal people commit crime
sociological
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know you do sometihng without getting caught
opportunity
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organization of a society
social structure
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income, race, age; age is big predicter, gender is also a big predicter
demographic characteristics
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just do these things, they could be considered formal or informal. they happen naturally and become something one expects
norms
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when you violate a normative behavior and arouses a negative reaction.
deviance
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reinforcing good behaviors
social control
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someone is rude so you ignore them. giving them a message of violationg a norm
informal
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administrative laws such as taxes, immigration
semiformal
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written and codified by the government
laws
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prohibited law that says this is illegal because it should be illegal; rape, murder
mala in se
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illegal because someone in society said it should be illegal such as prostitution and drug use
mala prohibita
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prove someone violated a law, commit the legal act
actus reus
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did so with a criminal mind set, criminal intent a guilty mind
mens rea
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when your endangered or forced to do something you did not wish to do
duress
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when police give the person opportunity or motivation to commit a crime
entrapment
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-
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over a long period of time, able to compare tow things easily
longitudinal
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research at one point in time, really hard to see what came first, lower income or crime
cross-sectional
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answering questions; these usually occurs at one point in time.
survey
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researcher manipulates the IV. the best way is to show that A came before B. another advantage is you are able to control the third variable
experiments
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done out in the real world; problem is that you lose the level of control of the third variable.
field experiments
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researcher collects all the data themselves and able to ask questions they want to ask
primary data
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look at data someone else collected. advantage is that it is already there and it is a lot cheaper. Disadvantage cant ask own questions
secondary data
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public policy should follow the mojority of people
democratic theory
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shaped by the media and gives an inaccurate vision of what is going on
public opinion
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media will do whatever they can to get attention so they make crime look more serious and more common than it actually is
overdramatize
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