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What does serum sodium evaluate?
Renal/cardiac/neurological/GI function, acid-base balance
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What does serum potassium evaluate?
Cardiac/renal/GI function, need for IV replacement therapy
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Serum bicarbonate
22-29 mEq/L
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Activated partial thrombplastin time (aPTT)
20-36 seconds
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What does aPTT evaluate?
How well coagulation sequence is functioning
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Prothrombin time (PT)
9.5 - 11.8 seconds
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International Normalized Ratio (INR)
- Standard and high-dose therapy
2.0-3.0 for standard warfarin therapy
3.0-4.5 for high-dose warfarin therapy
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Anticoagulation therapy PT
1.5-2 times laboratory control value
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PT at risk for bleeding
> 30 seconds
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Clotting time
8-15 minutes
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Clotting time (Nursing considerations)
Shouldn't receive heparin therapy 3 hours before specimen collection
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Platelet count
150,000-400,000 cells/mm3
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Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
0-30 mm/hr
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What does ESR evaluate?
Presence of inflammation/Inflammatory process
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RBC Count
4-6 million cells/mm3
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Creatine Kinase (CK)
CK-MB (Myocardial bound) is 0% to 5% of total CK.
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) indicating MI
if LDH1> LDH2 = MI
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Troponin I indicating MI
Troponin I value lower than 0.6 ng/mL and higher than 1.5 ng/mL
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Alkaline phosphatase
4.5-13 King-Armstrong units/dL
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Alkaline phosphatase - Falsely elevated
Hepatotoxic drugs within 12hrs
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Bilirubin (Direct, Indirect, and Total)
- Direct: 0-0.3 mg/dL
- Indirect: 0.1-1.0 mg/dL
- Total: <1.5 mg/dL
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Bilirubin is produced by ________.
Liver, spleen, and bone marrow.
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Cholesterol
140-199 mg/dL
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Low-density lipoproteins
< 130 mg/dL
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High-density lipoproteins
30-70 mg/dL
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Lipids (nursing considerations)
- Oral contraceptives may increase level.
- Abstain from food and fluid for 12 hrs and alcohol 24 hrs before test.
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Protein (nursing considerations)
Abstain from consuming fat 8 hrs before test
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Uric Acid
2.5-8 6-8 mg/dL
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Fasting blood glucose
70-110
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Glucose tolerance test (Baseline, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes)
- Baseline: 70-110
- 30: 110 - 170
- 60: 120-170
- 90: 100-140
- 120: 70-120
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Glycosylated hemoglobin
Diabetic with -
Good control:
Fair control:
Poor control:
- Good control: 7.5% or lower
- Fair control: 7.6% to 8.9%
- Poor control: 9% or higher
- (Fasting not required)
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Glycosylated serum albumin
1.8-3.0 mol
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Serum creatinine
0.6-1.3 mg/dL
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Blood urea nitrogen
8-25 mg/dL
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone
0.2-5.4 microunits/mL
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WBC count
4500-11,000 cells/mm3
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Urine Tests
Chloride
Magnesium
Potassium
Protein
Sodium
Uric Acid
pH
Specific Gravity
- Chloride: 110-250 mEq/24 hr
- Magnesium: 7.3-12.2 mg/dL/24 hr
- Potassium: 25-125 mEq/24hr
- Protein: 40-150 mg/24hr
- Sodium: 40-220 mEq/24 hr
- Uric Acid: 250-750 mg/24 hr
- pH: 4.5-7.8
- Specific Gravity: 1.016-1.022
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Acetaminophen
Tylenol: 10-20 mcg/mL
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Digoxin
Lanoxin: 0.5-2 ng/mL
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Lithium
Lithobid 0.5-1.3 mEq/L
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Phenytoin
Dilantin: 10-20 mcg/mL
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Theophylline
Aminophylline: 10-20 mcg/mL or 110-250 mEq/24 hr
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Carbamazepine
Tegretol: 5-12 mcg/mL
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Phenobarbital
Luminal: 10-30 mcg/mL
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Salicyclate
100-250 mcg/mL
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Clonazepam
Klonopin 20-80 ng/mL
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Lorazepam
Ativan: 50-240 ng/mL
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