Biology Chapter 10 Vocab

Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation.

One or two paired chromosomes, one from each plant, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location.

A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg.

Cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell.

Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent.

Having two copies of each chromosome. (2n)

Reduction division process, occuring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell (2n) produces 4 haploid cells (n) that are not genetically identical.

Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis.

Science of heredity.

Alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait.

Mendel's name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation.

Mendel's name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation.

Organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait.

organism with two different alleles for a specific trait.

An organism's allele pairs.

observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair.

Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait spereate during meiosis.

Organism heterozygous for a specific trait.

Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes.

New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment.

Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival.