Structure

Craniofacial speech disorders include those due to?

Craniofacial speech disorders:
orofacial/craniofacial complex (VP insufficiencies)?

Craniofacial speech disorders:
VP incompetencies?

Craniofacial speech disorders:
"cleft palate speech" (VP mislearning)

Phonological disorder includes:
*key issue in cleft?
and ?

Obligatory (passive) Errors are
due to?

require?

Optional/learned (active) errors:
habituated?

Exist?

Require?

Sources of Early speech mislearning? (3)

Prevalence of articulation problems in preschoolers with clefts is?

Effects of VPI on Speech:
Cleft palate Speech includes deviations in? (4)

Cleft palate speech deviation:
leads to hypernasality?

Cleft palate speech deviation:
leads to nasal air emission?

Cleft palate speech deviation:
leads to weak oral pressures/weal pressure consonants?

Cleft palate speech deviation:
leads to maladaptive compensatory misarticulations?

The resonance deviation that is hears on vowels and vocalic consonants (glides and liquids/oral sonorants)?

Hypernasality is resonance distortion that results from ?

Hypernasality is NOT associated with?

Organically based Hypernasality =?

Hypernasality in cleft palate speakers usually due to ?

Aggravated by closed mouth speaking posture?

Hypernasality (HN) resonance is ____ that has a range of acceptability?

HN is perceived ?

transription for HN?

Resonance deviation:
too little nasal resonance; cold-in-th-head sound

affects vowels, sonorants and nasal consonants

perceptually mask a VPI

Resonance deviation:
elements of both hyper/hypo nasality

is increased nasal cavity resistance

Resonance deviations:
sound is trapped by anterior nasal cavity constriction

e.g. deviated septum

Airflow deviation characterized by speech airflow and emission through the nose?

Nasal air emission (NAE/NE) is inaapropriate coupling of oral and nasal cavities? (2)

Nasal air Emission accompanies and distorts production of ?

Nasal air emission comes in a variety of forms?

Not heard but is visibly detected-dental mirror or reflector

Not perceptually disruptive to speech

Diagnostically significant because it may be an indicator of incipient VP inadequacy or airflow through an oronasal fistula?

Nasal turbulence is more of a "snorting" sound
has been referred to as(posterior nasal frication, nasal snort, nasal rustle)

Has bee associated with small VP gaps, implicating the VP port as the source of turbulence?

Audible NE with or without turbulence is NE that accompanies?

Obligatory NE may result from?

Obligatory NE requires physical management?

Learned NE can be realized in different forms: (2)?

Learned NE: two error patterns you are likely to encounter in clinical practice are:?

Perceptually it can be realized as a nasal fricative:
audible turbulence; place of production is velopharyngeal ?

PSNE:
no audible turbulence; place of production is nasal cavity?

PSNE not associated with ? (occasional assimilation nasality)?

Corrected through?

PSNE has a notable occurrence in?

PSNE: clinicians unfamiliar with this pattern often misdiagnose the problem as?

NE that persists that repaired CP speakers who have the physiologic ability to attain closure?

Persisting post-op NE speakers continue?

Persiting post-op NE is not restricted to ?

Persisitng post-op NE perceptually realized as?

Weak pressure consonants are the result of?

Weak pressure consonats are due to?

Weak pressure consonants reduces or eliminates ?

Weak pressure consonants usually ___ and requires ___?

Weak pressure consonants in most severe form this will result in?

Combined impact of HN, NAE, and weak pressure consonants?

*Learned articulatory deviations
*Substitution errors in place of articulation
*Predominantly backed articulatory placements-(post-uvular placements)
*Persist after successful physical management
*Coexist with physiologically adequate closure mechanism

Maladaptive Compensatory Misarticulations include? (7)

Glottal stop substitutes?

Glottal stop co-produces?

Pharyngeal affricate substitutes?

Pharyngeal affricate co-produces?

Pharyngeal fricative substitutes?

Pharyngeal fricative co-produces?

Pharyngeal stop substitutes?

Pharyngeal stop co-produces?

Posterior nasal fricative (velopharyngeal fricative/"snort") substitutes?

Posterior nasal fricative (velopharyngeal fricative/"snort") co-prodcues?

Nasal frivatives substitute?

Nasal fricative co-produces?

Mid-dorsum palatal stop substitutes?

Mid-dorsum palatal stop co-prodcues?

Backed oral productions?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricative voiced or unvoiced fricative consonant made in the approximate place of ?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricative similar in configuration to?

Lingual mid-dorsum approximates?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricative distinguishes it from?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricative more often heard?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricatives sound like?

Mid-dorsum palatal fricative substutes for?

Velar fricative a voiced or unvoiced fricative made in the same place as?

Velar fricative fricative manner produced in ___ place?

Velar fricative typically substituted for? and sometimes ? due to ___for these sounds?

Velar fricative perceptually it is distinct from?

Velar fricative sounds like ?

Velarized tip alveolar sonorants?

Tip alveolar sonorants become?

Velarized tip alveolar sonorants also observed in otherwise ?

Velarized or uvular sonorant?

Velarized or uvular sonorant observed in?

Adaptive oral misarticulations are?

Adaptive oral misarticulations include speech sound errors because of?

Adaptive oral misarticulations observed more often in?

Impact of VPI on phonation is ___ problem vs ___ problem?

Impact of VPI on phonation:
Voice problems in cleft palate?

Impact of VPI on phonation:
Voice problem?
abuse due to compensatory VF valving

Impact of VPI on phonation:
voice problem in cleft palate:

CP speaker may intentionally talk more softly to minimize or disguise HN and NE

It is another compensatory strategy

Distinguished from the reduced vocal intensity caused by VPI