Head and Neck

• Origin: Superior border of scapula near suprascapular notch
• Insertion: Inferior border of hyoid bone
• Innervation: Cervical plexus
• Main Actions: Depresses hyoid

• Superior Attachment: Inferior border of mandible, skin, and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
• Inferior Attachment: Fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
• Innervation: Cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: Draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched

• Anterior digastric
• Posterior digastric
• Stylohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Geniohyoid

• Sternohyoid
• Sternothyroid
• Thyrohyoid
• Omohyoid (superior belly)

• Origin: digastric fossa of mandible
• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid bone
• Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
• Main Actions: Depresses jaw, elevates hyoid

• Origin: Mastoid notch
• Insertion: Intermediate tendon to hyoid bone
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: Depresses jaw, elevates hyoid

• Origin: Styloid process
• Insertion: Body of hyoid bone
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: Elevates hyoid

• Origin: Mylohyoid line of mandible
• Insertion: Mylohyoid raphe and body of hyoid
• Innervation: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
• Main Actions: Elevates hyoid

• Origin: Inferior mental spine of mandible
• Insertion: Body of hyoid
• Innervation: CP and CN XII
• Main Actions: Elevates hyoid

• Origin: Manubrium and medial end of clavicle
• Insertion: Body of hyoid bone
• Innervation: Cervical plexus
• Main Action: Depresses hyoid

• Origin: Posterior surface of manubrium
• Insertion: Oblique line of thyroid lamina
• Innervation: Cervical plexus
• Main Action: Depresses hyoid

• Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage
• Insertion: Inferior border of body and greater horn of hyoid
• Innervation: CP and CN XII
• Main Action: Depresses hyoid

• Attachments: Bodies C1-C3 --> TPs C3-C5 --> Bodies C5-T3
• Innervation: C2-C6 spinal nerves
• Main Actions: Flexes cervical vertebrae; allows slight rotation

• Inferior Attachment: TPs C3-C6
• Superior Attachment: Basilar part of occipital bone
• Innervation: C2-C3 spinal nerves
• Main Actions: Flexes head

• Origin: Zygomatic arch
• Insertion: Angle and lateral ramus of mandible
• Innervation: CN V3
• Main Action: Elevates and protrudes mandible; deep fibers retrude mandible

• Origin: Temporal fossa
• Insertion: Ramus of mandible and coronoid process
• Innervation: CN V3
• Main Actions: Elevates mandible; posterior fibers retrude mandible

• Origin: Greater wing of sphenoid, lateral pterygoid plate
• Insertion: neck of mandible, articular disc, and capsule of TMJ
• Innervation: CN V3
• Main Actions: Acting together, protrude mandible and depress chin; acting alone and alternately, produces side-to-side movements

• Origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
• Insertion: Medial surface of mandible near angle
• Innervation: CN V3
• Main Actions: Elevates mandible; acting together, protrude mandible; acting alone, protrudes side of jaw; acting alternately, produces grinding motion

• Area: around eye
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: blinking, winking

• Area: around mouth
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: Closes and protrudes lips (e.g. purses them during whistling)

• Area: inside cheek
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Main Actions: Presses cheek against molar teeth, thereby aiding chewing; makes "fish face"

• Area: corner of mouth up to cheekbone
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: help smile

• Area: corner of mouth down to mandible
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: pulls corners of lips down

• Area: corner of mouth up towards eye
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: raises corners of mouth

• Area: lower lip down and out to mandible
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: lowers lower lip (show teeth)

• Area: upper lip up towards eye
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: raises upper lip

• Area: from corner of mouth straight back
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: pulls corners of lips out

• Area: between eyebrows
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: pulls eyebrows together

• Area: over bridge of nose
• Innervation: facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: flares nostrils

• Area: above eyebrows
• Innervation: Facial nerve (CN VII)
• Actions: moves eyebrows

• SCM --> trapezious --> clavicle
• Contains: scalenes; splenius; levator scapulae; omohyoid (inferior belly); brachial plexus

• SCM --> midline of neck --> across mandible
• Contains: suprahyoid mm. and infrahyoid mm.; submandibular triangel; submental triangle; carotid triangle; muscular triangle

• Borders: digastric m. and inferior border of mandible
• Contains:
• submandibular gland
• hypoglossal nerve
• facial artery

• Borders: anterior digastric m., hyoid bone, anterior neck
• Contains:
• mylohyoid
• anterior jugular vv.

• Borders: Posterior digastric m., omohyoid m., SCM (posterior)
• Contains:
• carotid a.
• internal jugular v.
• vagus n.
• thyrohyoid m.

• Borders: omohyoid, anterior neck, SCM (anterior)
• Contains:
• sternohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyroid gland

• Branching and merging of ventral rami
• Includes: muscular (motor): phrenic, ansa cervicalis; cutaneous (sensory): lesser occipital, transverse cervical, greater auricular, supraclavicular

• "loop of the neck" loops halfway down neck over carotid sheath.
• Innervates: infrahyoid muscles
• motor

point at which cutaneous nerves of CP get to superficial point

runs in and innervates skin across front of neck (anterior triangle)

Runs straight up from nerve point. Innervates front portions of ear

Runs from nerve point up behind ear onto occipital bone. Innervates skin over occipital bone

• from nerve point down to clavicle
• Innervates skin over clavicle and shoulder region

over longus capitis. Carries sympathetic innervation to head

synpathetic trunk destroyed on one side. On one half of face: can't sweat (anhydrosis); pupils permanently constricted (miosis); drooping eyelid (ptosis)

paralysis of only part of face due to damage to ony some branched of facal n.

• Salivary gland
• in front of ear
• innervated by glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
• duct goes anteriorly and then through buccinator
• infection site of mumps

• salivary gland
• under jaw
• innervated by facial nerve

• salivary gland
• under tongue
• innervated by facial nerve

• one big muscle
• innervated by hypoglossal n. (CN XII) - L and R
• damage to one side of CN will cause tongue to protrude to damaged side

• site of anterior fontanelle (last to close)
• joining of frontal and parital bones

• site of posterio fontanelle
• joining of parietal bones and occipital bone

• joining frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones
• weakest spot in skull
• middle meningeal artery just deep to it
• fracture at this spot can lead to laceration of middle meningeal a. --> epidural hematoma --> death if not caught soon enough

• Frontal
• Maxilla
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Zygomatic
• Lacrimal
• Palatine