atoms of different elements held together by covalent bonds
covalent compounds
-compound of individual covalently bonded molecules
-three dimentional network of atoms held together by covalent bonds
molecular covalent compound
network covalent compound
...contains the symbol for each element present and a subscript number to identify the number of atoms of each element in the molecule
molecular formula
...shows the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound:
emperical formula
network covalent compounds are represented using..
emperical formulas
...shows linkages of all atoms in the molecule
structural formula
how are covalent bonds represented in a structural formula?
lines between the element symbols
...lists the atoms present in groups to indicate connectivity between them:
-does it convey information about the 3D shape of the compound?
condensed structural formula
no, only connectivity
...two dimentional representation of a 3D structure that can be easily drawn on paper:
-bonds that lie in the plane of the paper are represented by:
-bonds that lie in front of the plane of the paper:
-bonds that lie behind the plane of the paper
wedge-and-dash model
lines
wedges
dashed wedges
...interpenetrating spheres represent the relative amount of space occupied by each atom in the molecule:
space-filling molecule
two common classes of covalent compounds:
-can a compound belong to more than one catagory?
binary nonmetals
inorganic acids
yes
...consist of 2 elements, both nonmetals
binary nonmetal
Prefixes used in naming Binary Nonmetal Compounds:
mono
di
tri
tetra
penta
hexa
hepta
octa
nona
deca
dodeca
common old names for some binary nonmetal compounds:(6)
water
hydrogen peroxide
ammonia
hydrazine
NO nitric oxide
nitrogen dioxide
-binary nonmetal compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon:
-given special names, how are they named?
hydrocarbons
according to the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the formula