Biology Chapter 2& 3

• 1.Usually + or - ions
• 2. Ionic Bonding
• 3. Small # of ions
• 4. Non living matter

an atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving them a charge

a chemical unit; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons; cannot be broken down any farther

attraction between oppositely charges ions

1 Oxygen and 2 Hydogren atoms

attraction to similar things; attraction between identical molecules

attraction to different things; binding between molecules of different types

• consisit of one or more chemicals dissolved in a solvent

a chemical in which other chemicals dissolves

• chemicals dissolves in solvent

• H2O loving; parts of molecules are attracted to water

• H2O fearing; parts are repelled by water

Deals with molecules are are hyrophilic and hyrdophobic

is the measure of energy and how fast molecules move

amount of heat necessary to raise the temp of a substance

amount of heat required to convert H2O to vapor

substances that add more H+ to a solution, highly concentrated in H, lower the ph

substances that decrease the #of H+, lower concentration in H, higher the ph

• Potencial Hydrogen
• guage how acidic or basic a solution is in terms of its H+ concentration
• Ph is important b/c organisms are adapted to certain Ph's

pairs of weak acids and bases that maintain body fluid

• Always contain both H+ and C
• Covalent bonding
• Often Large with many atoms
• Living Matter

When two atoms share electrons

Carbon chains and rings bonded to hydrogen