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politics
who gets what, when, and how; a process of determining how power and resources are distributed in a society without recourse to violence
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power
the ability to get other people to do what you want
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social order
the way we organize and live our collective lives
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legitimate
accepted as"right" or proper
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government
a system or organization for exercising authority over a body of people
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authority
power that is recognized as legitimate
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institutions
organizations in which governmental power is exercised
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economics
production and distribution of a society's material resources and services
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capitalist economy
an economic system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is privately owned
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laissez-faire capitalism
an economic system in which the market makes all decisions and the government plays no role
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regulated capitalism
a market system in which the government intervenes to protect rights and make procedural guarantees
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procedural guarantees
government assurance that the rules will work smoothly and treat everyone fairly, with no promise of particular outcomes
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socialist economy
an economic system in which the state determines production, distribution, and price decisions, and property is government owned
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substantive guarantees
government assurance of particular outcomes or results
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social democracy
a hybrid system of combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality
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authoritarian governments
systems in which the state holds all power over social order
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totalitarian
a system in which absolute power is exercised over every aspect
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authoritarian capitalism
a system in which the state allows people economic freedom but maintains stringent social regulations to limit noneconomic behavior
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anarchy
the absence of government (extreme), when a community decides to break away, create their own rules, and enforce them as a community. Ex) Amish
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democracy
government that vests power in the people
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popular sovereignty
the concept that the citizens are the ultimate source of political power
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elite democracy
a theory of democracy that limits the citizens' role to choosing among competing leaders
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pluralist democracy
a theory of democracy that holds that citizen membership in groups is the key to political power
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participatory democracy
a theory of democracy that holds that citizens should actively and directly control all aspects of their lives
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advanced industrial democracy
a system in which a democratic government allows citizens a considerate amount of personal freedom and maintains a free-market (though still usually regulated) economy
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communist democracy
a utopian system in which property is communally owned and all decisions are made democratically
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subjects
individuals who are obliged to submit to a government authority against which they have no rights
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citizens
members of a political community with both rights and responsibilities
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divine right of kings
the principle that earthly rulers receive their authority from God
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Protestant Reformation
the break from the Roman Catholic Church in the 1500s by those who believed in direct access to God and salvation by faith
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Enlightenment
a philosophical movement (1600s-1700s) that emphasized human reason, scientific examination, and industrial progress
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social contract
the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others
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republic
a government in which decisions are made through representatives of the people
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