BCH Ch7 Glycobiology

Compound containing a carb componenet bound covalently to a protein or lipid, forming a glycoprotein or glycolipid

Simple sugar which consists of a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit

Six carbon sugar D-glucose aka

Carbs which consist of short chains of monosacc units, or residues, joined by glycosidic bonds

Sucrose =

Carbs with >20 monosacc units & may be linear or branched

Monosacc w/aldehyde at end of C chain

Monosacc w/ketone

Two sugars that differ only in the config around one C atrom

Isomeric forms of monosaccs that differ only in their config abt the hemiacetal or hemiketal carbon atom

Hemiacetal (or carbonyl) carbon atom is called the ___

Process in which the alpha and beta anomers of D-glucose interconvert in aqueous solution

Glucose & other sugars capable of reducing ferric or cupric ion are called ___

Maltose, lactose, sucrose are all ___

Covalent bond that is formed b/w 2 monosaccs (in a disacc) when a hydroxyl group of one sugar reacts w/the anomeric carbon of the other (ie the hemiacetal chiral carbon), forming an acetal upon joining (fig 7-11)

The end of a disacc or polysacc with a free anomeric carbon (one not involved in a glycosidic bond) is called the ___

polysaccarides aka

Polysacc which contains only a single type of monomer

Polysacc which contains 2 or more types of monomers

Starch contains 2 types of glucose polymer:

Amylose vs Amylopectin vs Glycogen

Bacterial & yeast polysaccs, such as those formed by bacteria on teeth surface

Heteropolysaccs that are a family of linear polymers composed of repeating disacc units

Homopolysaccs
Stored fuel:
Structural support:

(type & structure)

Macromolecules of cell surface or extracellular matrix in which one or more glycosaminoglycan chains are joined covalently to a membrane protein or a secreted protein

Found on outer face of plasma membrane, in the extracellular matrix, and in blood. Have one or several oligosaccarides of varying complexity joined covalently to a protein.

Membrane lipids in which the hydrophilic head groups are oligosaccharides which act as specific sites for recognition by carb-binding proteins

Enormous supramolecular assemblies of many core proteins all bound to a single molecule of hyaluronate

Family of plasma mem proteins that mediate signaling b/w the cell interior and the extracellular matrix and that also have binding sites for a number of other extracellular macromolecs

Same protein produced in two types of tissues has diff glycosylation patterns (ie has diff set of oligosacc chains) & which represents a tissue-specific marker

Mem lipids of euk cells in which the polar head group (facing towards the outer surface of mem) is a complex oligosacc containing sialic acid & other monosacc residues

Carbs on the surface of the outer mem of gram-neg bacteria (E.coli & Salmonella) which are targeted by antibodies in immune system

Glycoconjugates in which a core protein is attached covalently to one or more large glycans, such as heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, or keratan sulfate. Provide points of adhesion, recognition, & info transfer b/w cells, or b/w the cell & the extracellular matrix

Proteins that bind carbs w/high affinity and specificity & serve in a wide variety of cell-cell recognition, signaling, and adhesion processes & in intracellular targeting of newly synthesized proteins

Family of plasma mem lectins that mediate cell-cell recognition and adhesion in a wide range of cellular process, such as mvmt of immune cells from capillaries to tissues