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why do we need a respiratory system?
to extract nutrients out of food and gases out of the atmosphere
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how long could we survive without oxygen?
3-5 mins
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what would happen if carbon dioxide is allowed to build up
decreases the blood PH i.e. it becomes more acidic
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name 4 functions of the respiratory system
- 1) exchange gases
- 2) olfaction (smell)
- 3) voice production
- 4) protection against micro orgainisms
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name 4 features of respiratory mucosa
- 1) traps matter in sticky mucous
- 2) humidifies the incoming air
- 3) equates incoming air to body temp
- 4) cillia on its surface moves mucous
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name 4 features of the respiratory membrane
- 1) it's function is to allow gas exchange
- 2) very thin (0.5 um)
- 3) very flat cells
- 4) no cillia
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nme the components of the upper respiratory tract
- 1) nasal cavity
- 2) pharynx
- 3) associated structures
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name the components of the lower respiratory tract
- 1) larynx
- 2) trachea
- 3) bronchi
- 4) lungs
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what are the nares
nostrils
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what is the nasal cavity proper lined with
respirtory mucosa
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describe the nasal septum
partition diving nasal cavity at midline. anterior is cartilage, posterior is bone.
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name the yellow structure
nasal septum
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desbribe the choncae
lateral walls with 3 bony shelves (superior, middle and inferior choncae)
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what are the meatuses
the spaces underneath the superior, middle and inferior chonchae
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what is olfactory mucosa
specialised mucosa involved with olfaction
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name the associated structures of the nasal cavity
- 1) frontal sinus
- 2) maxillary sinus
- 3) sphenoid sinus
- 4) ethmoid sinus
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identify and locate these associated structures
- from top to bottom:
- frontal sinus
- ethmoid sinus
- maxilllary sinus
- sphenoid sinus ( located medial and inferior to the posterior ethmoid air cells.)
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what are sinuses
cavities found in bones surrounding the nasal cavity, the drain into the nasal cavity
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where does the pharynx run
from choncae to larynx
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what is the function of the pharynx
common pathway for air and food
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name the 3 regions of the larynx
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what is the structure of the larynx
9 catilages (8 hyaline and 1 elastic) draped with respiratory mucosa
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name 5 functions of the larynx
- 1) maintains a patent airway
- 2) mucosa aid in trapping particulate matter
- 3) directs the passage of food and air
- 4) epiglotis
- 5) houses the vocal chords
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where is the trachea located
below larynx
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describe the trachea
12cm tube from inferior larynx to it's division in the primary barnch at carina. found anterior to the esophagus
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name 4 features relating to the structure of the trachea
- 1) lined with respiratory mucosa
- 2) has 16-20 C shaped cartilages
- 3) cartilage joined by fiberous tissue
- 4) cartilage keeps the lumen open during breathing
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identify and locate these structures:
- from top to bottom
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
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where is the tracheobronchial tree located?
at the carina of the trachea, the trachea successively divides into smaller trees
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descrbie the structure of the right secondary branch of the tracheobronchial tree
3
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how many on the left secondary branch of the tracheobronchial tree
2
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describe the teritary branch of the trachebronchial tree
will continue to divide until the lumen is less than 1mm wide
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what happens as the tubes in the trachebronchial tree get smaller
they increase in number, amount of cartilage in the wall decreases and the amount of smooth muscle increases
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name 3 features of the bronchioles
- 1) last part of the tracheobronchial tree
- 2) single alveoli on the walls
- 3) lining starts to become respiratory membrane
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describe the area around the lungs
the lungs fill up the space created on either side by the vetebral column by the curvature of the ribcage
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name the 3 common features of both lungs
- 1) apex
- 2) base
- 3) Hilum (on medial surface, where things enter and exit)
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name the lobes of the right lung
- superior lobe
- middle inferior oblique lobe
- horizontal lobe
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name the lobes of the left lung
- superior lobe
- inferior oblique lobe
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identify which lung and name the lobes:
- right lung
- superior lobe
- middle inferior oblique
- horizontal lobe
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identify which lung and name the lobes:
- left lung
- superior lobe
- inferior oblique lobe
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where is the visceral pleura located
on the external surface of each lung
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where is the parietal pluera located
lines the thoracic wall
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name these two structures
- from top to bottom
- visceral pleura
- parietal pleura
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