SOPC - Exam 3 - Ch 6 & 13

The square of the correlation coefficient; indicates the proportion of variance in one variable that can be accounted for by the other variable.

Examines the nature of relationships between variables

An index of the direction & magnitude of the relationship between 2 variables; Ranges between -1 - +1

Inverse relationship; One goes up, the other goes down

Extreme score; Usually -3 or +3 from the mean

Correlation between 2 variables with the influence of 1 or more other variables removed.

Most commonly used measure of correlation

A correlation of -1 or +1, where 2 variables are so closely related that 1 can be perfectly predicted from the other

A statistic that expresses the correlation between 2 dichotomous variables

Correlation between a dichotomous & a continuous variable

Direct relationship between 2 variable where participants with high scores on one variable tend to also have high scores on the other variable; One goes up, the other also goes up; One goes down, the other also goes down

Data in which participants' scores are confined to a narrow range of the possible scores

A graphical representation of participants' scores on 2 variables; One variable is plotted on the x-axis & the other on the y-axis

A correlation coefficient calculated on variables that are measured on an ordinal scale

A finding very unlikely to be due to error variance

Single-case experimental design: baseline data is collected (A), the IV is introduced & behavior is measures (B), then the IV is withdrawn & behavior is measured again (A)

A multiple-I single-case experimental design: baseline data is collected (A), one level of the IV is introduced (B), this level of IV is withdrawn (A), a second level of IV is introduced (C), & this level of IV is withdrawn (A)

A multiple-I single-case experimental design: baseline period (A), introduction of one level of the IV (B), introduction of another level of the IV (C)

Intensive descriptive study of a particular individual, group, or event

Single-case experimental research: visual inspection of graphs of data to determine whether the IV affected behavior

Experimental design: several participants serve in each condition, data is analyzed by examining the average response of participants in these condition

Research that analyzes the behavior of individual participants; contrasted with the nomothetic approach

In single-case experimental research: documenting the generalizability of an experimental effect by demonstrating the effect on other participants

Variability among the responses of participants in a particular condition

In single-case experimental research: attempt show experimental effect on a single participant by alternatively introducing & withdrawing the IV

Variability among the responses of a participant when tested more than once in a condition

Single-case experimental design in which 2 or more behaviors are studied simultaneously

Single-case design: levels of an IV are introduced one at a time

A descriptive summary of an individual's behavior

Research the seeks to establish general principles & broad generalizations; contrasted with idiographic approach

Biographical case study of an individual, explaining the course of the person's life using psychological constructs & theories

Single-case design in which the IV is introduced & then withdrawn

A design in which the unit of analysis is the individual participant rather than the experimental group; also called single-subject design