-
What is a carbohydrate?
- -a carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- -the most bundant organic compound in the plant world.
- -if we remove H2O, we get a carbon.
-
5 basic Functions of a carbohydrate
- -storehouse of chemical engergy (glucose, starch, glycogen)
- -components of supportive structure in plants
- -crustacean shells - chitin
- -connective tissue in animals (acidic poly saccharides)
- - essential components of nucleic acids (D-ribose and 2 deoxydribose)
-
Define aldose
a monosaccharide containing an aldehyde
-
Define a Ketose
a monosaccharide containg a ketone.
-
What is chirality and why is it important in biochemistry?
think Left and Right handedness.
-
What is glucose and fructose?
Glucose= Blood sugar
Fructose = Fruit sugar
*they don't metabolize the same*
-
What is Galactosemia and what causes it?
-1 of 18,000 infants cannot metabolize galactose
-it accumulates in blood and urine
-causes mental retardation, vision problems, liver problems...death
- goes away with maturity by developing another enzyme.
-
What is an amino sugar?
Contains a Nitrogen instead of an Oxygen.
-
How is asorbic acid produced in plants?
Produced by D-glucose
-
Blood Type O
- -universal donor
- -no A or B antigen
-
Blood Type AB
- -universal acceptor
- -has both A and B antigens
-
Blood Type A
- -has Antigen A (N-Acetyl-D-galatosamine)
- -alpha 1,4
- -beta 1,3
- -type A can only have type A
-
Blood Type B
- -has B antigen (D-Galactose)
- -alpha 1,4
- -beta 1,3
can only have type B blood
-
Know the monosaccharides that make up the disaccharide SUCROSE and its linkage
Fructose and Glucose
linkage alpha 1,2
broken down easily by humans
-
Know the monosaccharides that make up the disaccharide LACTOSE and its linkage
-Galactose and Glucose
-linkage beta 1,4
-not broken down easily by humans
-think lactose intolerant - diarrhea, cramping, gas
-
Know the monosaccharides that make up the disaccharide MALTOSE and its linkage
2 Glucoses
linkage alpha 1,4
easier to breakdown than lactose.
-
How is sweetness tested?
by personal taste
-
Know the monosaccharide that makes up the polysaccharide STARCH and know the linkage.
glucose units
alpha 1,4
-
Know the monosaccharide that makes up the polysaccharide GLYCOGEN and know the linkage.
-glucose units
-alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6
-
Know the monosaccharide that makes up the polysaccharide CELLULOSE and know the linkage.
-glucose units
-beta 1,4
-not digestible by humans
-
Which polysaccharide can we digest and why?
STARCH and GLYCOGEN because of its linkages.
|
|
