Medical Terminology Ch 14

Production of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen.

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx.

Protein produced by B cell lymphocytes to destroy antigens.

Substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response. Most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bacteria, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells.

Lymph nodes in the armpit (underarm).

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and transforms into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies. The B refers to the bursa of Fabricius, an organ in birds in which B cell differentiation and growth were first noted to occur.

Lymph nodes in the neck region.

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their target.

Proteins that aid and regulate the immune response. Examples are interferons and interleukins.

T lymphocyte that directly kills foreign cells (CD8⁺ cell or T8 cell)

Specialized macrophage that digests foreign cells and helps B and T cells to mark antigens for destruction.

Lymphocyte that aids B cells and cytotoxic T cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production; also called CD4⁺ cell or T4 cell)

Body's ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins. This includes natural immunity and acquired immunity.

Antibodies (gamma globulins) such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD that are secreted by plasma cells in response to the presence of an antigenb.

Use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat or prevent disease.

Lymph nodes in the groin region.

Proteins (cytokines) secreted by T cells to aid and regulate the immune response.

Proteins (cytokines) that stimulate the growth of B and T lymphocytes.

Fluid in the spaces between cells. This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

Thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. Latin lympha means clear spring water.

Tiniest lympatic vessels.

Lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland.

A collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels.

Carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest.

Large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.

Lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the thoracic (chest) cavity.

Anbtibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells. It is useful in immunotherapy.

Protection that an individual inherits to fight infection.

Lymphocyte that produces and secretes antibodies. It originates from B lymphocytes.

Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from the upper right part of the body.

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells.

What kind of immunity?

No prior exposure to antigens
Neutrophils
Monocytes and macrophages

What kind of immunity?

Antibodies produced after an infection
Vaccination
Antitoxins
Immunoglobulins
Maternal antibodies
T and B cells

Lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T lymphocytes. Also called a Treg (regulatory T cell).

Lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow but matures in the thymus gland; it acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens.

The ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly. Once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body.

Large lymphatic vessel in the chest that receives lymph from below the diaphragm and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm; it empties the lymph into veins in the upper chest.

Organ in the mediastinum that conditions T lymphocytes to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response.

Mass of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx.

Poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response. The response will destroy anyt cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection.

Weakened or killed microorganisms, toxins, or other proteins given to induce immunity to infection or disease.

ana-

inter-

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Opportunistic infections

Kaposi sarcoma

Wasting syndrome

HAART (Highly Active AntiRetroviral Therapy)

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen.

all/o

Atopic

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue.

Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes, characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, fever, weakness, and loss of weight and appetitie. Diagnosis is often made by identifying a malignant cell (Reed-Sternberg cell) in the lymph nodes.

Follicular lymphoma (composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle or nodule arrangement) and large cell lymphoma (composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate nodes and tissues diffusely).

Malignant tumor of bone marrow cells.

Malignant tumor of the thymus gland

Substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body; a type of antigen.

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance.

Hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition. From the Greek word atopia, which means strangeness.

Helper T cells that carry the CD4 protein antigen on their surface.

Infectious diseases associated with AIDS.

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of protease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV.

Drug that treats AIDS by blocking reverse transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV.

Weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite, and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Measures the number of CD4⁺ T cells (helper T cells) in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS.

Screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream.

Test that separates immunoglobulins (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, IgD)

Measurement of the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream

CD8⁺ cell

CD4⁺ cell

Regulatory T cell (suppressor T cell)

Chronic, disabling disease in which the body produces antibodies against its own tissues. Examples are rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus.

Protein (antibody produced by plasma cells) that acts to protect the body by destroying antigens.

Suppression (stopping) of the immune response.

Formation of lymph.

Swelling of tissue due to accumulation of lymph fluid in intercellular spaces.

Deficiency of lymphocytes in the blood.

Abnormal condition of increase in lymphocytes.

Derived from lymph tissue.

A syndrome marked by splenomegaly (associated with anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia).

An exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to foreign proteins.

Intense allergic reaction (such as asthma) influenced
by hereditary tendency or predisposition.

Specific test to detect presence of anti-HIV
antibodies in the bloodstream.