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Of the origin and the insertion of a muscle, which is least moveable?
origin
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Does the production, resorption and repair of bone continue in old age?
yes, processes continue throughout life
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What does the autonomic nervous system (ANS) control?
Visceral organs-automatic organs
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What is the largest peripheral nerve?
- Vagus is the main nerve
- Sciatic nerve is another major nerve located in the rear legs
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What is the scapulohumeral joint?
Shoulder
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What is the most caudal part of the sternum?
Xiphoid process
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What is the hole in the occipital bone of the cranium where the spinal cord enters the brain?
foramen magnum
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What covers the articular surface of long bones?
cartilage
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What is another name for the hip joint?
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3 functions of bone:
- supports body
- protects internal organ
- produce blood (bone marrow)
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origin (re muscle)
- starting point and least moveable part of the muscle
- where muscle attaches to bone
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insertion (re muscle)
- where muscle inserts into bone
- this portion of muscle is more moveable than the origin
-
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equine equivalent of rabies
- equine encephalomyelitis
- (causes seizures, ataxia and death)
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Axial skeleton includes:
- Skull
- Spinal column
- Ribs
- Sternum
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What is the significance of 7-13-7-3?
- vertebrae in spinal column:
- 7 cervical
- 13 thoracic
- 7 lumbar
- 3 sacral
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Appendicular skeleton includes:
Limbs
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What are the parts of the forelimb?
- Scapula
- Olecranon (elbow)
- Humerus (proximal to the olecranon)
- Radius (larger of 2 bones distal to the olecranon)
- Ulna (smaller of """ )
- Carpus
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
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What are the parts of the pelvis?
- Ilium
- Ischium
- pubis
- acetabulum (hip socket)
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What are the parts of the rear leg?
- Femur
- Stifle
- Patella
- Tibia (larger)
- Fibulua (smaller)
- Hock
- Tarsus
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
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3 types of joints:
- Fibrous (skull sutures)
- Cartilagenous (growth plates, growing area of bone starts as cartilage)
- Synovial (hinge, pivot and ball&socket)
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Where 2 bones meet at a fibrous joint is called...?
articular surface
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what is a digital flexor?
- muscle that flexes the digits
- there are 2 digital flexors
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What muscles in the chest that adducts the shoulder?
pectorals
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what do the triceps do?
extend the foreleg by increasing the angle of the elbow
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what do the biceps do?
flexes the foreleg by decreasing the angle of the elbow
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what is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic muscles?
- Intrinsic: wholly within one area of the body
- Extrinsic: run from one part of the body to another
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Which muscles assist in breathing?
Internal and external intercostals
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What is the main muscle involved in respiration?
diaphragm
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what is the linea alba?
- midline where the incision for a spay is made
- end point for external obliques
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What is the difference between sympathetic ANS and parasympathetic ANS?
- Sympathetic is responsible for increasing vital signs when the flight or fight response is triggered
- Parasympathetic regulates the body back to normal by slowing vitals
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How is West Nile Virus transmitted?
mosquito
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What is the function of the thalamus?
processes info from sensory organs and sends it to the brain
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What is the hypothalamus?
an endocrine gland that produces hormones
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What are the functions of the pituitary gland?
- produces hormones
- controls body functions
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What are the parts of the brain and the function of each?
- Cerebrum (vol. mvmnt/thought)
- Cerebellum (coordination)
- Brain Stem (maintains life)
- Medulla Oblongata (respiration)
- Midbrain (senses)
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Synapse
The junctions between neurons where neural impulses are xmitted
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Afferent
- conducting toward the center of a specific site of reference
- incoming
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Efferent
progressing away from the center of a specific point of reference
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Meningitis
inflammation of the meninges, as a pathological condition
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Cerebrospinal
pertaining to brain and spinal cord
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Ataxia
failure of muscular coordination
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Olfactory
pertaining to sense of smell
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Tactile
pertaining to sense of touch
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Gustatory
pertaining to taste
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Auditory
pertaining to sense of hearing
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Hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
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Paraplegia
paralysis of hind limb(s) and sometimes the posterior part of body
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Quadraplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
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Anisocoria
unequal/asymmetric pupils
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Nystagmus
periodic, rhythmic, invol movement of both eyeballs in unison
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what minerals are commonly stored in bones?
-
what are the fibrous bands of tissue that connect one bone to another?
ligaments
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what is the common name for the bone at the point of the rear leg where the tibia and fibula meet?
hock
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name and describe the muskuloskeletal condition that large breed dogs are prone to:
- hip dysplasia
- the ball and socket joint of the pelvis and femur becomes diseased and does not sit right
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name and describe a common disorder affecting older animals:
- Arthritis
- joints become inflammed; condition causes lameness and pain increases over time
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What is the division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with body functions under stress?
sympathetic nervous system
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What is the type of nerve that carries impulses away from the CNS and toward muscles?
motor neuron
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What is the largest portion of the brain that is concerened with thought and memeory?
cerebrum
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