those with profound hearing loss who cannot understand sounds with or without hearing aids
deaf
those with hearing losses that impair their understanding of sounds including communication- profit from listening
hard of hearing
What does ASL stand for?
American Sign Language
Who is often creditted for being the father of education for the deaf in the US?
Laurent Clerc
a language that uses manual communication signs, has all the elements of other languages and is not parallel to English in either structure or word order
American Sign Language
What are the two general types of hearing loss?
conductive hearing loss
sensorineural heraing loss
blockage or damage to the outer or middle ear that prevents sound waves from traveling to the inner ear
conductive hearing loss
damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve cause the problem
sensorineural hearing loss
What are the 5 different levels of hearing loss?
mild
moderate
moderately severe
severe
profound
how much functional hearing the person has
residual hearing
a person who becomes deaf before they learn to speak and understand language
perligually deaf
What percent of deaf children and youth are preligually deaf?
95%
someone who developed profound hearing loss after they already learned to speak and understand language
postlingually deaf
being born Deaf to Deaf parents
Deaf of Deaf
What does CODA stand for?
Child of a Deaf Adult
manual communication translation of English
Signed English
as a general rule of thumb, as the degree of hearing loss increases what decreases?
the intelligibility of speech
over half of the people with hearing problems are over what age?
65 years old
What are the four most common known causes for child's deafness and hearing impairment?
heredity and genetics
meningitis
otitis media
noise
help people with hearing losses by increasing the amplification of sounds in the environment, including others' speech
assistive listening devices
assistive device that amplifies sounds but is not surgically implanted
hearing aid
what are the four different kinds of hearing aids?
behind the ear
in the ear
in the canal
completely in the canal
automatically adjust volume by amplifying sounds only to the degree necessary to compensate for the loss at each frequency of sound. also reduce background noise
digital hearing aids
surgically implanted devices that use a small speech processor and microphone to detect sound and then send electrical signals to the implanted receiver/stimulator
cochlear implants
what are the two qualities of sound that are measured in the assessment process?
frequency of sound
sound intensity
What is frequency of sound measured in?
Hertz
What is sound intensity measured in?
decibels
a specialist in the assessment of hearing abilities?
audiologist
an instrument that produces sounds at precise frequencies and intensities
audiometer
What are the 4 different approaches to delivering instruction to a deaf student?
oral-only approach
total communication approach
cued speech
bilingual-bicultural approach
a form of manual communication, different from ASL, assigns each letter of teh alphabet a sign
finger spelling
senses that provide us with information outside our bodies and examples of them
distance senses
vision and hearing
causes visual disabilities ranging from mild visual loss to blindness in surviving infants
retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
how well a person can use sight?
visual efficiency
how well a person can see at various distances
visual acuity
the width of a person's field of vision
peripheral vision
severe limitation in peripheral vision
tunnel vision
restricted central vision
the amound of vision they have left
residual vision
What are the two subgroups of those with visual disabilities?
low vision
blindness
use sight to learn, but their vision disabilities interfere with daily functioning
low vision
the person uses touch and hearing to learn and does not have functional use of sight
blindness
the term used by the federal government for this purpose
legally blind
blindness at birth or during infancy
congenital blindness
blindness occuring after the age of two
adventitious blindness
what percentage of students with visual disabilities have sufficient functional vision ot read the standard print
81%
a coded system of dots embossed on paper so that individuals can feel a page of text
braille
the mental map that people have of their surroundings
orientation
the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one place to another
mobility
what is the percentage of blind people who are children?
4%
How many children with a visual disability also have another disability along with it?
2/3
what three categories can visual input devices be put in?
visual input
audio input
tactile input
the system for testing acuity when the individual cannot actively or reliably participate in visual assessment
photoscreening
test used to test visual acuity developed in 1862
Snellen Chart
What is a commonly used accommodation for students with disabilities?