B) Clear visualization and adequate access (lighting, suction, tissue reflection)
Controlled force
Asepsis
Atraumatic handling of tissues
Hemostasis
Debridement
What is the most common dentoalveolar surgery injury and what are two causes of it?
Soft tissue injuries
Caused by inadequate attention and excessive force
Abrasions and burns can be caused by rotary instruments and excessive retraction. What are 2 steps you can do in the management of abrasions and burns, and how long of a healing period can you tell the patient to expect?
A
S
Antibiotic topical ointment
Suture if necessary
5-10 days healing
Situation: you have not followed principles of controlled force and attention and you slipped with the straight and periosteal elevators during surgery, puncturing soft tissue. Bleeding resulted.
What is your first step?
Should you suture the wound closed or let it heal by secondary intention?
1st step: apply pressure to achieve hemostasis
No sutures; let heal by secondary intention
Most likely areas for Alveolar bone fracture include:
Buccal cortical plate of m____ canine
Buccal cortical plate over m___ m____, particularly the __ m___.
Portions of the f____ of m____ ______
M___ t______
______ bone of the _______ incisors
buccal of max canine
buccal of max molars, particularly 1st molar
floor of maxillary sinus
maxillary tuberosity
labial bone of mandibular incisors
Excessive force with forceps obviously can lead to inuring osseous structures. What 4 factors of the patient and/or their anatomy predispose the surgery to osseous injury?
Proximity of roots to the sinus
widely divergent roots
thick labial cortical bone
old age of patient means less flexible aveolus
In preventing fracture of large portions of cortical bone what are two factors before the surgery starts, and two principles of the surgery that help prevent fracture?
PreOp: radiograph and clinical assessment
Surgery: avoid excessive force
Perform open extraction and/or section teeth
What factor determines if fractured alveolar bone should be saved?
if it is attached to the periosteum should be saved, if not, discard
An Oro-antral communication can be diagnosed by a nose blowing test. What are two possible outcomes of and oro-antral communication?
Maxillary Sinusitis
Oro-antral fistula
Name the 3 factors that determine the probability that either a sinusitis or oro-antral fistula will occur.
SIZE of the O-A communcation
Previous infection (sinus or dental)
Management of the exposure
If an Oro-antral communication is less than ___ mm no additional surgery is needed
3 mm
In addition to the usual sinus precautions (no sneezing, straws, smoking, nose blowing), what additional steps of management should you do for a OA communication 3-6mm?
Hint: meds and clotting
Sinus Meds: Abs (pen, or erythromycin)
nasal spray (Afrin)
oral decongestant (Actifed)
Assure clot by using gel foam, or avitene, surgicel, or topical thrombin
For OA communication greater than 6 mm what additional step must occur?
Flap procedure
A fractured mandible during oral surgery usual occurs during removal of _______ with excessive force of _____ (instrument)
impacted 3rds, elevator
The most commonly displaced root during extraction is of a _____ _______, so beware of apical pressure.
maxillary molar
Under what criteria may a displaced root be left in the sinus?
less than 3mm
no history of sinus or dental infection
Which nerve has the worst prognosis if injured?
Lingual
Name the 5 drug categories a patient can be using that potentiate post - op bleeding
AAAAB
Aspirin
Anti-coagulants
Alcohol
Anti-cancer drugs
Broad-spectrum antibiotics
After extracting the tooth, what 3 things can you do to minimize post op bleeding?
Remove granulomatous tissue
Smooth sharp bony spicules and edges
Inspect wound for any bleeding arterioles
List 4 hemostatic agents available to use in the OMFS clinic
Gel foam
Surgicel
Topical Thrombin- converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Avitene
PT measures _____ coagulation while PTT measures ____ coagulation.
PT extrinsic
PTT intrinsic
Von Willebrands disease is characterized by a deficiency of factor ____
VII
_________ is bleeding into adjacent soft tissues, seen more in elderly.
Ecchymosis
Two possible causes of wound dehiscence include _______ soft tissue flap and _____ under _____.
unsupported, suturing under tension
Dry Socket (Alveolar Osteitis) usually develops on the ___ or ___ post operative day. The most common site for dry socket is ___.
3rd or fourth.
mand. 3rd molar
The three phases of informed consent are:
D
W
D
discussion - the specific problem, tx, side effects, anesthesia, tx alternatives, etc
written consent- given in patients language if don't speak english