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ACA (Anticardiolipin Antibody)
- NORMAL FINDINGS:
- - <23 GPL (IgG phospholipid units)
- - <11 MPL (IgL phospholipid units)
This test is positive in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- Interfering Factors:
- False positives in patients who take medications such as chlorpromazine, hydralazine, penicillin, phenytoin, procainamide, and quinidine
- Increased Levels:
- -Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- -Antiphospholipid Syndrome
-
Anti-DNA Antibody
- NORMAL FINDINGS:
- -Negative: <70 international units/mL
- -Borderline: 70-200 international units/mL
- -Positive: >200 international units/mL
This test is useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Interfering Factors:
- -A radioactive scan performed within 1 week before the test
- -Drugs that cause increased levels are hydralazine and procainamide
- Increased Levels:
- -Collagen-vascular diseases
- -Other autoimmune diseases such as RA
- -Chronic hepatitis
- -Infectious mononucleosis
- -Bilary cirrhosis
-
Anti-ENA (Antiextractable Nuclear Antigen)
- NORMAL FINDINGS:
- -Negative
This test is used to assist the diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and mised connective tissue disease (MCTD) and to eliminate other rheumatoid diseases
- Increased Anti-SM Antibodies Levels:
- -SLE
- Increased Anti-RNP Antibodies:
- -MCTD
- -SLE
- -Discoid Lupus Scleroderma
-
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)
- NORMAL FINDINGS:
- -Negative at 1:40 dilution
This test is used to diagnose Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases
- Interfering Factors:
- -Drugs that can cause a false-positve test include acetazolamide, aminosalicylic acid, chlorothiazides, chlorprothixene, grisefulvin, hydralizine, penicilin, phenylbutazone, phenytoin, procainamide, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines
- -Drugs that can cause false negative results include steroids
- Increased Levels:
- -Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- -RA
- -Scleroderma
- -Sjogrens Syndrome
- -Raynaud Phenomenon
- -Leukemia
-
Complement Assay
- NORMAL FINDINGS:
- Total Complement: 75-160 units/mL
Used primarily to monitor the activity of the disease in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE)
- Increased Levels:
- -MI
- -Ulcerative Colitis
- -Cancer
- -Inflammatory illnesses
- Decreased Levels:
- -Hereditary angioedema
- -Autoimmune Disease: SLE, RA, Sjogren Syndrome
- -Renal transplant rejection
- -Malnutrition
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