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3 mechanisms of anemia
increase loss, decreased production, increased destruction
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Polycytemia vera
RBC tumors, rbcs proliferate uncountrollably tx: bleed out patient
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secondary absolute polycythemia
- hypoxia without anemia, lack of intake of oxygen ex: PDA asthma
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- Increased glucocorticoids
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Mononuclear phagocytic system
macrophages in the liver,spleen and bown marrow consume old RBCs and recycle parts
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two ways of RBC removal
- 1. Mononuclear phagocytic system
- 2. intravascular hemolysis
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Intravascular hemolysis
monocytes in the peripheral blood remove cell, can cause a hemolytic sample
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what does MCV stand for and what does it tell you?
- mean cell volume, idicates cell size
- macrocytic
- microcytic
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what does MCHC stand for and what does it tell you?
- mean cell Hb concetration
- hyperchromic
- hypochromic
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what does MCH stand for and what does it tell you?
mean cell Hb
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microcytic hypochromic Reg anemia
iron def.
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Normocytic normochromic non reg
A new anemia
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Macrocytic hypochromic reg.
Polychromatophilics are present
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Macrocytic hyperchromic reg
Kidney failure
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Macrocytic hypochromic non reg
BM toxin
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Function and origin of albumin
Maintain oncoitic pressure, liver
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Function and origin of Globulins
Inflammation and inmmunity, liver and lymphoid tissue
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Will TP be higher or lower in newborns?
Low, increases with colostrum intake, 6-12m untill normal
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is TP high or low during early gestation?
High, due to bodys hyperimmune state
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Is TP normals higher or lower in late gestation?
Low, protein leaves blood stream to go to colostrum
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Evaluation of TP with hydration status
Dehydration= increased TP lvl
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Evaluation of TP with inflammation and immune status
- inflammation increased TP
- decreased TP if immunodeficeint
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Evaluation of TP with liver function
decreases with liver failure
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Evaluation of TP with kidney function
decreased TP
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Dysproteinemias
abnormal measurements of proteins
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