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Salvilary amylase begins digestion of ___ into maltose
Starch
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Wavelike motion of food through the esophagus
Peristalsis
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Important stomach enzyme which breaks down proteins
Pepsin
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Region in the small intestine through which chyme moves
Pyloric sphincter
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2 enzymes in pancreas that break down proteins
Trypsin, chymotrypsin
-
Enzyme in pancreas that breaks down lipids
Pancreatic lipase
-
Enzyme in pancreas that breaks down starch
Pancreatic amalase
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Substance that mechanically breaks up fats
Emulsifier
-
Lymph vessels in the villi in the intestine which absorb fatty acids
Lacteals
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3 hormones involved in the digestive system
Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin
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Tiny openings in tracheae in insects which allow for gas exchange
Spiracles
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Flap that covers trachea when swallowing
Epiglottis
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Most carbon dioxide enters red blood cells and combines with water to form...
Bicarbonate ions
-
Process of taking in oxygen
Inspiration
-
Process of letting out carbon dioxide
Expiration
-
Tissues in the right atrium where heartbeat begins
Sinoatrial node
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Red blood cells are also called...
Erythrocytes
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Defense mechanism that lyses the cell wall of a pathogen
Complement proteins
-
Markers in the plasma membrane that distinguish between self and nonself cells
Major histocompatibility markers (MHC markers)
-
Excretory organ in earthworms
Nephridia
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Excretory organ found in arthropods
Malpighian tubes
-
Functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
-
Blood vessel that enters kidney
Renal artery
-
Place where blood enters the kidney to be filtered
Bowman's capsule
-
Ball of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule
Glomerulus
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Plasma forced out of the kidneys
Filtrate
-
Chart of filtrate through the kidney
Bowman's capsule --> proximal convulted tubule --> loop of Henle --> distal convulted tubule --> collecting duct
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Hormone in kidneys that allows water to be reabsorbed
Vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone)
-
Hormone in kidneys that allows for sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
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In a resting neuron, ___ are outside the axon membrane and ___ are inside
Sodium, potassium
-
Period after an action potential
Refractory period
-
Neurotransmitter that is realeased by calcium and can stimulate muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
-
Supporting cells for a neuron around its axon
Schwann cells
-
Spaces between myelin sheaths
Nodes of Ranviers
-
Form of nerve conduction where an impulse jumps from node to node
Saltatory conduction
-
___ muscles are striated; ___ muscles aren't striated
Skeletal and cardiac; smooth
-
Increases glucose levels
Glucagon
-
Decreases glucose levels
Insulin
-
A series of rapid zygote cell divisions
Cleavage
-
Solid ball of cells in early development
Morula
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Organs produced by ectoderm
Skin, eyes, nervous system
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Organs produced by endoderm
Digestive tract, respiratory tract, pancreas, gall bladder, liver
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Organs produced by mesoderm
Bones, muscles, excretory, circulatory, reproductive systems
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Cells which develop into the central nervous system
Neural tube cells
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