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What is the study of the nervous system?
Neurology.
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What are the primary components of the nervous system?
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What are the three subsystems of the nervous system and what are each responsible for?
- Central/Cerebrospinal: all voluntary body functions.
- Peripheral: carries messages to and from the central nervous systems.
- Autonomic/Sympathetic: all involuntary body functions.
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What composes the central nervous system?
- Brain
- Spinal Cord
- Cranial Nerves
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What composes the peripheral nervous system?
Sensory and Motor nerves.
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What body systems does the autonomic nervous system operate?
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Circulatory
- Excretory
- Endocrine
- Reproductive
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What controls all three subsystems of the nervous system?
Brain.
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What is the average weight of a human brain?
44-48oz.
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What are the 4 parts of the brain, which is each portion located and what does each portion do?
- Cerebrum: upper front portion of brain, responsible for mental activity.
- Cerebellum: occipital area below cerebrum, controls and coordinates muscle movement.
- Pons: below cerebrum, connects the other parts of the brain to the spinal cord.
- Medulla Oblongata: above pons, connects parts of the brain to the spinal column.
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What is the spinal cord made of?
Long nerve fibers.
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Where does the spinal cord originate and where does it extend to?
Originates at the base of the brain and extends to the base of the spine.
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How many pairs of spinal nerves are in the spinal cord?
31
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What is the name for a nerve cell?
Neuron.
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What are the parts of a nerve cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Membrane
- Axon
- Nerve Terminal
- Dendrites
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What is the function of the axon OR nerve terminal?
connects the neuron to muscles, organs and other nerves.
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What is the function of the dendrites?
Short fibers that receive messages sent from the nerve cell.
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What is another term for sensory nerve and what do sensory nerves do?
Afferent: carry messages to the brain and spinal cord, determine sense of smell, sight, touch, taste and hear.
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What are the receptors and where are they located?
Nerve cells: in the skin, respond to outside stimulation.
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What is another term for motor nerves and what do motor nerves do?
Efferent: carry messages from the brain to the muscles, causes muscles to expan and contract.
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What is a reflex action?
An interaction of sensory and motor nerves.
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What are mixed nerves?
A nerve that performs both sensory and motor functions.
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How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
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What is the Trifacial Nerve?
- Largest Cranial Nerve.
- Mixed Nerve.
- 5th Cranial Nerve.
- Responsbile for transmitting facial sensations to the brain and controlling the muscle movement of chewing.
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What are the three branches of the Trifacial Nerve and where is each branch located?
- Opthalmic: top 1/3 of face.
- Maxillary: middle 1/3 of face.
- Mandibular: lower 1/3 of face.
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What is the nerve of the opthalmic branch that extends to the upper eyelid, eyebrow, forehead and scalp?
Supraorbital Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the opthalmic branch that extends to the upper sides of the nose between the eyes?
Supratrochlear Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the opthalmic branch that extends to the lower side of the nose and tip?
Nasal Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the maxillary branch that extends to the side of the forehead and upper part of cheek?
Zygomatic Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the maxillary branch that extends to the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip and mouth?
Infraorbital Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the mandibular branch that extends to the ear and up the temple?
Auriculo Temporal Nerve.
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What is the nerve of the mandibular branch that extends to the lower lip and chin?
Mental Nerve.
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What type of nerve is the facial nerve and which cranial nerve is it?
Primary Motor Nerve: 7th Cranial Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles behind and below the ear?
Posterior Auricular Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper cheek?
Temporal Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the upper muscles of the cheek?
Zygomatic Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the mouth?
Buccal Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles on the side of the neck?
Cervical Nerve.
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What branch of the facial nerve extends to the muscles of the chin and lower lip?
Mandibular Nerve.
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What cervical nerve extends up the back of the scalp to the top of the head?
Greater Occipital Nerve.
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What cervical nerve extends into the muscles at the back of the skull?
Lesser Occipital Nerve.
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What cervical nerve extends into the side of the neck and external ear?
Greater Auricular Nerve.
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What cervical nerve extends from the side and front of the neck to the breastbone?
Cervical Cutaneous Nerve.
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What type of nerves are the primary nerves of the hand and what is their function?
Mixed Nerves: Transmit sensations to the brain and carry impluses from the brain the muscles.
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What primary nerve of the hand extends into the fingers?
Digital Nerve.
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What primary nerve of the hand extends down the little finger side of the arm into the palm of the hand?
Ulnar Nerve.
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What primary nerve of the hand extends down the thumb side of the arm into the back of the hand?
Radial Nerve.
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What primary nerve of the hand extends down the mid-forearm into the hand?
Median Nerve.
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How do massage manipulations cause muscles to expand and contract?
stimulates sensitive nerve tissues resulting in nerve impulses that expand and contract corresponding muscles.
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