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The process of selectively attending to sensory information and assigning meaning to it.
Perception
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1. attend to and select stimuli
2. organize stimuli
3. simplify complex
Process of perception
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things we consciously or unconsciously feel we require tosustain us biologically and psychologically
Needs
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Things that prompt out curiosity but are not essentialtosustain us biologically and psychologically
interests
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things that we notice because we are habituated to noticing them
expectations
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The organization of stimuli into easily recognizable forms
simplification
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The organization of stimuli into easily recognizable patterns or systems of interrelated parts.
Pattern recognition
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The overall view people have of themselves, of which self concept and self esteem are parts.
Self-perception
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Our description of our competencies and personality traits
Self-concept
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Our evaluation of our competence and personal worthiness
Self-esteem
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The impressions we form about ourselves based upon our own perceptions, shape self-concept
self-perceptions
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The gap between out inaccurate self-perceptions and reality
Incongruence
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Events that happen as a result of being fortold, expected, or talked about
Self-fulfilling prophecies
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Perceptional distortions of message we recieve so that they reinforce what we really think
filtering messages
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Like the U.S., stress self and personal achievement
Individualistic Culture
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Like Eastern and Native American, downplay the individual
Collectivist Cultures
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Communicating with yourself through your own thoughts
Self-talk
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The process of meeting the percieved demans of the communication situation by adopting a role comprised of an expected or appropriate set of behaviors
Role-taking
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Internal process of being aware of yourself
Self-monitoring
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Process by which people consciously try to influence others impressions of them
Impression management
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Based upon what we see, are frequently inaccurate
Culture-level predictions
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based upon others membership groups, allow us to discover common ground
Sociological-level predictions
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based upon individual differences, are the most accurate level of predictions
Psychological-level predictions
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Assumptions that people develop about physical characterisitics and personality traits or behaviors
Ex. if someone is kind we assume they are friendly
Implicit personalty theory
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Assumes a whole set of characterisitics when you have actually only observed one
Halo effect
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the tendency to pay attention only what we expect to see or hear and to ignore everything else
Selective perception
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inaccurate reason we give for our own and others behaviors
Faulty Attributions
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Relate the behavior to the situation
Ex. When judging our own behavior, we tendto make it....
Situational attributions
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Relate behavior to the person
Ex. When judging the behavior of someone else we tend to make...
Dispositional Attributions
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Inaccurate attempt to make several of our perceptions of another person agree with each other.
Prejudice
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Negative actions toward people based on the groups they are members of
Discrimination
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Occur when a powerful group believes its members are superior to those of another group and thus entitles to dominate the "inferior" group
Racism, ethnocentrism, sexism, ageism, able-ism
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