The study of how a culture perceives time and its use.
Code of Ethics
A written document which summarizes a company’s or profession’s standards of ethical conduct.
Culture
The product of a people’s living experiences within their own society; “the way of life” of a people that includes a vast array of behaviors and beliefs.
Data Integrity
The assurance that data will be accurate and complete.
Data Organization
The ability to organize large amounts of data.
Data Security
The assurance that data are secure because access to a database is controlled through several built–in data security features.
Decoding
The process of interpreting a message.
Diversity Initiatives
Diversity training seminars provided by companies to help avoid miscommunication related to a diverse workforce.
Diversity Skills
The ability to communicate effectively with both men and women of all ages and with people of other cultures or minority groups.
Downward Communication
A type of communication that flows from supervisor to employee, from policy makers to operating personnel, or from top to bottom on the organization chart.
Electronic Whiteboard
A communication technology tool which can display drawings or information written on its surface simultaneously on team members’ computer screens.
Encoding
The process of selecting and organizing a message.
Ethics
The principles of right and wrong that guide one in making decisions that consider the impact of one’s actions on others as well as on the decision maker.
Ethnocentrism
The assumption that one’s own cultural norms are the right way to do things.
External Messages
Messages directed to recipients outside the organization.
Feedback
A receiver’s response to a sender’s message.
Formal Communication Channel
A channel of communication typified by the formal organization chart; dictated by the technical, political, and economic environment of the organization.
Grapevine
The best–known informal communication system.
Horizontal (or Lateral) Communication
Describes interactions between organizational units on the same hierarchical level; is the primary means of achieving coordination in a functional organizational structure.
Informal Communication Channel
A channel of communication that continuously develops as people interact within the formal system to accommodate their social and psychological needs.
Interferences (or Barriers)
Numerous factors that hinder the communication process.
Internal Messages
Messages intended for recipients within the organization.
Kinesics
The study of body language, which is not universal, but instead is learned from one’s culture.
Organizational Communication
The movement of information within the company structure.
Proxemics
The study of cultural space requirements.
Stakeholders
People inside and outside the organization that are affected by decisions.
Stereotypes
Mental pictures that one group forms of the main characteristics of another group, creating preformed ideas of what people in this group are like.
Synergy
A situation in which the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Team
A small number of people with complementary skills who work together for a common purpose.
Telecommuting (or Teleworking)
Working at home or other remote locations and sending and receiving work from the company office electronically.
Upward communication
A type of communication that is generally a response to requests from supervisors.
Weblogs
Websites that are updated on a frequent basis with new information about a particular subject(s).