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HBV
killed inactived subunit
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Flu A/B
live and inactivated (both trivalent)
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Poliovirus
Inactivated (developing countries use live)
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rabies
killed inactivated
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yellow fever
live (travelers)
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japanese encephalitis
inactivated (travelers)
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papillomavirus
recombinant (not live)
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adenovirus
live (enteric capsule, special use)
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small pox
live (special use)
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Amantadine
- use as prophylaxis in IFA outbreak
- most resistant
- side effects: CNS changes
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Rimantadine
- use as prophylaxis in IFA outbreak
- no side effects
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Enfurvitide
- blocks fusion of gp41 on HIV virion
- side effects: site reactions since it is injectable
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Maraviroc
blocks HIV to CCR5 at gp120
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Acyclovir
- Herpes inhibitor
- used for: HSV1/2 encephalitis, VZV in immunocompromised people
- guanosine analog (viral TK monophosphorylates Acyclovir, which inhibits viral DNA pol after it is triphosphorylate)
- chain termination
- no effect on latency or recurrences
- side effects: renal/CNS toxicity if given via IV
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Valocyclovir
- ester of Acyclovir (converted to acyclovir)
- benefits: increased serum levels, few side effects, reduces number of pills required because of increased serum levels
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Penciclovir
- same mechanism as acyclovir
- used for recurrent orolabial HSV-1
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Famciclovir
- converted to penciclovir
- used for HSV, VZV
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Ganciclovir
- guanosine analog, activated via CMV phosphokinase (inhibits viral DNA pol after it is triphosphorylated, chain termination)
- viruses become resistant in immunocompromised pts in long term rx (phosph mut or pt mut in viral DNA that does phosph)
- Side effects: poor bioavailability, serious infections, IV induction, oral maintenance replaced by valganciclovir, *marrow suppression, renal excretion levels used
- Used for: CMV, HSV retinitis
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Valgancyclovir
- prodrug of gancyclovir
- same side effects, very expensive
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Foscarnet
- pyrophosphate analog (NOT NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG and DOES NOT REG TK)
- blocks viral DNA pol via inhibition of removal of Pi from dNTP, inhibits HIV RT, inhib pyrophosphate exchange aka chain termination
- Side effects: IV only, renal excretion, nephrotoxic, resistance
- used for: HSV/CMV resistance to acyclovir/ganciclovir
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Cidovir
- cytosine analog
- made to triphosphate by CELL kinases (not viral as in other NI), inhib HIV RT, inhib pyrophosphate exchange (chain termination)
- side effects: very nephrotoxic
- used for: acyclovir/ganciclovir resistance to HSV/Pox
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Iododeoxyuridine
- thymidine analog
- phosph to triphosphate by CELL kinases and incorporated in DNA to make faulty viral and cell DNA progeny and mRNA
- side effects: toxic systemically since incorporated in VIRAL AND CELL DNA
- used for: topical keratoconjunctivitis of HSV
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Trifluorothymidine
- thymidine analog
- same uses as IDU
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Zanamivir
- NA inhibitor, viral clumping
- side effects: poor bioavailability, inhaled powder, bronchospasms
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Oseltamivir
- NA inhibitor, viral clumping
- Benefits: decreased viral shedding, sx, duration, sinusitis, bronchitis
- side effects: nausea, vomiting
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Peramivir
- NA inhibitor, viral clumping
- NOT FDA APPROVED
- *only given if not responding to anything else and IV mode is the only option for rx
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ZDZ, AZT
- NRTI
- side effects: bone marrow suppression
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DDI
- NRTI
- side effects: pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy
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DDC
- NRTI
- used for resistance to AZT
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Stavudine
- NRTI
- used for tolerance to other drugs, severe AIDS
- side effects: neuropathy, lactic acidosis, dyslipidemia
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Lamivudine/Emtricitabine
- NRTI
- used for HIV and chronic HBV
- well tolerated and very effective when combined with AZT
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Abacavir
- NRTI, guanosine analog
- side effects: hypersensitivity possible, cardiac problems
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Tenofovir
- NRTI, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate, analog of AMP
- side effects: nephrotoxicity, osteoporosis
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Zalcitabine
- NRTI
- side effects: neuropathy
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NNRTIs in general
bind near AS of RT to cause a conformational change to inhibit viral DNA synthesis, quick resistance, rashes
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Nevirapine
- NNRTI
- used for: stevens-johnson, hepatitis
- no cross-resistance
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Efavirenz
- NNRTI
- side effects: nightmares, CNS changes, depression
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Protease Inhibitors in general
- bind to viral Pro (therefore no gag, pol, p24, rt made), rapid resistance
- inhibits making more virions but no effect on provirals
- side effects: buffalo hump, glucose intolerance
- boost with Ritonavir: ritonavir increases concentration of PI by inhibiting CYP3A4 metab in gut/liver therefore increases half life of PI and decreases the amount of doses of PI required
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Integrase inhibitors in general
most active w/ few side effects; blocks viral DNA integrating into cellular DNA
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Raltegravir
Integrase inhibitor
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Adefovir
- HBV inhibitor
- nucleoside analog of AMP, inhibits viral pol to decrease viral load
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Entecavi
- HBV inhibitor
- guanosine analog, most potent, decreases viral load
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Telbivudine
- HBV inhibitor
- thymidine analog, decreases viral load
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Tenofovir
HBV inhibitor, decreases viral load
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Lamivudine, Emtricitabine
- HBV inhibitor, cytidine analog
- side effects: resistance, lots inflammatory reactions
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alpha IFN
- HBV inhibitor
- gives flu-like sx, not very effective
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NS3/4A serine proteases
new form of HCV inhibition
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Telaprevir + bocavir + peg IFN + Rifampin
new HCV inhibition
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INF
HBC, HCV, HPV condylomatas (peg increases IFN half life)
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Fomivirsen
- antisense DNA, inhibits viral protein synthesis
- blocks CMV replication (retinitis)
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Methisazone
inhibits viral protein synthesis of Pox via blocking translation of late mRNA
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Imiquimod
- immunostimulant; stimulates release of alpha/beta INF from macrophages
- used for genital warts
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