SOPC - Exam 3 Ch. 5

Graph, variables on the x-axis is measured on a nominal/ordinal scale; because the x-variable isn't continuous, the bars don't touch.

Subset of a range of scores; in a grouped frequency distribution, the number of participants who fall into each class interval is shown.

Sampling procedure in which the researcher first samples groups/clusters of participants, then obtains participants from the selected clusters.

A nonprobability sample of whatever participants are readily available.

Design in which a group of respondents is studied once.

Descriptive research that studies basic life events in a population, ex. patterns of births, marriages, deaths, & migrations.

Describes in an accurate & systematic fashion the behavior, thoughts, or feelings of a group of participants.

provides a reasonable degree of accuracy at a reasonable cost in terms of money, time, & effort.

Studies the occurrence of disease in different groups of people

Sampling procedure in which all cases in the population have an equal probability of being chosen for the sample; (epsem stands for equal-probability selection method)

The degree to which data from a sample is expected to deviate from the population as a while, (also called margin of error)

The number of participants who obtained a particular score

A table that shows the number of participants who obtained each possible score on a measure

A form of line graph.

Presenting and summarizing data in pictorial form, (graphs & pictures)

A table showing the number of participants who obtained each of a range of scores

A form of bar graph in which the variable on the x-axis is on a continuous scale

A survey in which respondents access & respond to research materials on the web

A study in which a single group of participants is studied over time

The degree to which data obtained from a sample are expected to deviate from the population as a whole; also called Error of Estimation

The mathematical average of a set of scores

Descriptive statistics that convey information about the average in a distribution; ex. mean, median, mode

Descriptive statistics that convey information about the variability of a set of data; ex. range, variance, S.D.

The score that falls at the 50th percentile, middle score

The most frequent score in a distribution

Cluster sampling in which large clusters of participants are sampled, followed by smaller clusters from within the larger clusters, followed by still smaller clusters, until participants are sampled from the small clusters

A distribution in which there are more high scores than low scores

A sample selected in a way that the likelihood of any member of the population being chosen cannot be determined

The failure of individuals who are selected for a sample to agree to participate or answer all questions; nonresponse is a problem when probability samples are used in descriptive statistics

A distribution of scores that rises to a rounded peak in the center with symmetrical tails descending to the left & right of the center

Presenting & summarizing data in numerical form, ex. means, percentages, etc.

an extreme score; typically scores that fall farther than + or - 3 standard deviations from the mean

A distribution in which there are more low scores than high scores

A sample selected in a way that the likelihood of any individual in the population being selected can be specified

A variation of stratified random sampling in which cases are selected from each stratum in proportion to their prevalence in the population

A sample selected on the basis of the researcher's judgement regarding the "best" participants to select for research purposes

A sample selected to include specified proportions of certain kinds of participants

A measure of variability that is equal to the difference between the largest & smallest scores in a set of data

The original data collected on a sample of participants before they are analyzed

The proportion of participants who obtained a particular score

A sample from which one can draw accurate, unbiased estimates of the characteristics of a larger population

A subset of a population; group selected to participate in a study

The process by which a sample is chosen from a population to participate in a study

The difference between scores obtained on a sample & the scores that would have been obtained if the entire population had been studied

A list of the member of a population

A table that indicates the number of participants who obtained each score

A sample selected in a way that every possible sample of the desired size had the same chance of being selected

A measure of variability that is equal to the square root of the variance

A sampling procedure in which the population is divided into strata, then participants are sampled randomly from each stratum

A subset of a population that shares a certain characteristics; ex. a population could be divided into the strata of men & women

A design in which different samples of participants are studied at different points in time

A table of numbers that occur in a random order used to select random samples or to assign participants in a random fashion

A numerical index of the variability in a set of data

A statistic that expresses how much a particular participant's score varies from the mean in terms of standard deviations; also called standard score