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benjamin lee worf
- argued language molds cognition and perception
- grammar affects how we think about time, space, etc
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units of meaning that are made up of concepts that express a unitary idea
proposition
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multitasking
stress and errors increase while memory suffers
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nonconcious processes
- remain outside of awareness
- intuition/insight
- clues-->hunch-->concious-->solution
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learn something without a concious intention to do so
implicit learning
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jerome kagan
- conciousness is like a fire department
- performs only when the alarm sounds
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juries use which kind of reasoning?
dialectal
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make different assumptions about how things are known and use different ways of defending their beliefs
reflective judgment
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assume that a correct answer always exists, and it can be found through our senses
prereflective stages
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recognize that some things cannot be known with absolute certainty, realize they need suppot, but only pay attention to evidence that fits what they already believe
quasi-reflective stages
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capuchin monkeys
recieved cucumber for a token, once they saw the other monkeys receiving grapes they refused to exchange their tokens anymore
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scott hawkins and reid hastie
hindsight bias is the dark side of successful learning
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mariah keech
- promised believers they would be picked up in a flying saucer, once this failed she said they had been spared because of their faithfulness
- (had to increase belife to avoid realization of foolishness)-dissonance
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need to justify your decision because of ____ when you worry you made the wrong choice
postdecision dissonance
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children in the west:
not in the west:
- classify by categories
- clsaify by qualities/functions
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peoples performance depends on:
their own expectaion of how they will do
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claude steele
stereotype threat
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exceptional talents in one area despite poor functioning in all others
savant
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animals have a sense of number
- chimpanzees chose the cup with more chocolates than the cup with less
- they can remember for 20 minutes which holds more
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the ability to combine elements that themselves are menaingless into utterances that convey meaning
language
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tendency to falsey attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings
anthromorphosism
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