Chapter 4

abdomen

front (side of body)

arm

tail

head

neck

cartilage

skull

elbow

farthest (away from beginning of structure)

back(side of body)

femur, thight bone

stomach

genitals

buttocks

below, lower

groin

side

low back

middle

nose

eye socket

mouth

ear

patella, kneecap

nearest (to beginning of structure)

pelvis

back (side of body)

chest

scapula, shoulder blade

spine

sternum, breast bone

above, upper

belly (side of body)

vertebra, back bone

a term meaning nearer the surface

a term meaning to lie face up

a term meaning to lie face down

a term meaning futher below from the surface, or further inside the body

• Pt is:
• *standing upright
• *Legs/feet together
• *feet pointing forward
• *arms down at side
• *Palms facing forward
• *Arms looking straight ahead

A two-dimensional image of the body (ex. xray) taken along one of the planes.

• A vertical plane that runs from side to side; it slices body into anterior and posterior portions
• *cuts into front and back half

Also a vertical plane but runs from front to back, slices body into left and right sections

• only horizonal plane; slices body into upper and lower portions.
• can be anywhere along the body

• used to describe internal views of the body
• lengthwise slice along the long axis of a stucture
• Ex: cut down the length of the arm

• produced by a slice perpendicular to the long axis of a structure.
• Ex. cut across the upper arm yields a cross section view

nose (duh)

ear

mouth (duh)

neck

chest

center of chest

armpit

pertaining to the arm

pertaining to in front of the elbow

ante + cubit/o + -al

pertaining to the abdomen

a term meaning the region around the navel

pertaining to pelvis

pertaining to groin, or upper thigh area

pertaining to the genitals

pertaining to the femur/thigh

pertaining to kneecap

a term meaning the sole of the foot

pertaining to the buttocks

a phase used to refer to the entire leg

pertaining to the ear

a term meaning the palm of the hand

a term meaning the creased area behind the knee

pertaining to the shoulder blade

pertaining to breast bone

a term meaning the torso, excluding the head and extremities

a phrase used to refer to the entire arm

cranial, spinal, thoracic and abdominopelvic

body's internal organs

lies inside skull and contains the brain, brain is protected by membrane sac called meninges

membrane sac protecting brain

• formed by canal through vertebrae
• contains the spinal cord
• spinal cord is also protected by the meninges

• found enclosed by ribs and separated from abdominopelic cavity by diaphragm muscle
• contains organs such as lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, and thymus gland
• can be divided into one central and two side regions

• large cavity generally subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities (no clear structure indicating where one cavity stops and other begins)
• Organs in this cavity are protected by membrane covering called peritoneum

membrane covering (protecting) organs in abdominopelvic cavity

• Clinical divisions (which are the quadrants)
• Anatomical divisions (which are the regions)

• (hypo = below, chondr/o = cartilage, iac = pertaining to)
• right lateral side of upper row, under lower ribs that are connected to the sternum by cartilage

(epi = above;, gastr/o = stomach;, ic = pertaining to) middle area of upper row, overlaying stomach

left lateral side of upper row

(lumb/o = low back;, -ar = pertaining to) : right lateral side of middle row near waist

middle area of middle row containing navel (also called umbilicus)

left lateral side of middle row

(inguin/o = groin; -al = pertaining to): right lateral side of lower row near groin

(hypo = below;, gastr/o = stomach; -ic = pertaining to) : middle area of lower row

left lateral side of lower row

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

in front of

above

below

behind