A common poison plant in Ohio. Not American native.
Poison hemlock
Conium maculatum =
Poison hemlock
What plant has flowers similar to carrots?
Poison hemlock
Active ingredient in poison hemlock?
Coniine
Used to carry out capital punishment in ancient Greece.
Poison hemlock
What are the two types of central nervous system poisons, and what kind of paralysis do they cause?
Sedatives = Flaccid paralysis
Stimulants = spastic paralysis
Is poison hemlock a stimulant or a sedative?
Initially acts as a stimulant, but then causes gradual sedation and death from suffocation.
Heracleum mantegazzianum =
Giant hogweed
What two things must happen for injury from giant hogweed?
Sap comes in contact with skin and skin is exposed to sunlight.
What plant can easily lead to blindness if in eyes?
Giant hogweed
A federal noxious weed
Giant hogweed
What does it mean to be a federal noxious weed?
Illegal to sell, grow,and propagate. Officials can enter your land and kill it.
Urtica dioica =
Stinging nettles
Plant that is either male or female.
Stinging nettles
What are two other plants that are hermaphoditic?
Marijuana, hops, holly
Have small glass hairs that break off on contact. Cause a painful sting.
Stinging nettles
Contains histamine, which triggers all of your allergic reactions.
Stinging nettles
Plant was brought to Europe by Roman soldiers. Beat themselves for warmth, or stay awake late at night.
Stinging nettles
Used as a folk remedy for the bloody nose
Stinging nettles
A plant that, besides being poisonous, is also said to be a spring tonic.
Stinging nettles
Perennials and require no chemicals to grow a crop.
Nettles
Physostigma venenosum =
Ordeal bean
Is physostigma venenosum a sedative or stimulant?
Stimulant
What are most plant poisons classified as chemically?
Alkaloids
Alkaloids are:
Alkaline in reaction, contain nitrogen, have some affect on the human body, and end in "ine"
Is heroine an alkaloid?
Yes
Where are arrow poisons common?
Tropics
What do one tree, two tree, and three tree poisons refer to?
The number of trees a monkey will jump to before falling.
Generic name for arrow poisons?
Curare
If main ingredient in arrow poisons is chondrodendron tomentosum, what is the actual chemical?
Tubocurarine
What was a powerful relaxation of muscles for surgery, but is not commonly used today because of its potency?
Tubocurarine
Antidote for lockjaw, tetanus, and spastic cerebral palsy?
Tubocurarine
What is the poison in Strychnos toxifera?
Strychnine
Is Strychnos toxifera a stimulant or sedative?
Stimulant
Antodote for barbituate poisoning
Strychnos toxifera
Famous as a poison for mob hits
Strychnos toxifera
For what poison is there no good antidote for accidental poisoning?
Strychnine
A volatile chemical in plants - what we know as fresh cut grass
Coumarin
Interferes with blood clotting. Animals that eat hay with this may bleed to death.
Dicoumarol
What is rat poison today based on?
Dicoumarol
Active ingredient in rat poison. A slow release.
Warfarin
What is required for blood clotting?
Vitamin K
Ricinus communis =
Castor Bean
A feared bio weapon.
ricinus communis
Interferes with ribosomes, whose role it is to make new proteins.
Ricin
Perhaps the most potent plant poison
Ricin
What is a purgative?
A laxative
Castor oil is a....
purgative
Regulated under anti-terrorism laws in the US
Ricin
Do we make castor oil in the US?
No, too hazardous. We buy it from other countries.
Plant whose seeds are commonly used for rosaries.
Abrus Precatorius
Rosaries contain what toxin?
Abrin
What do you give someone who has recently swallowed a poison?
Syrup of Ipecac
What is the active ingredient in syrup of Ipecac?
Emetine
An emetic does what?
Makes you throw up.
A group of chemicals that have in common a sugar molecule attached to something else.
Glycosides
Toxin in seeds of apples and apricots.
Amygdalin
What inhibits mitochondria, the energy factories in your body?
Cyanide
A preparation from apricot seeds is...
laetrile
Two types of glycosides?
Cyanogenic and cardiac
Coomon shrub in landscapes. Contain 50 toxic chemicals. Two of them speed the heart rate.
Oleander
What was the first steroid isolated and used medicinally? A miracle drug for asthma, poison ivy, acne.
Cortisone
Requires the urine of 40 oxen to provide enough for one patient.
Cortisone
What was the first source of steroids?
Arrow poison from Africa
Dioscorea =
Wild yams
Study of the use of plants in traditional setting
Ethnobotanist
What is isolated in yams?
iosgenin
What did we found cortisone to be in?
Wild yams.
Most widely used brand name for treatment of menopause.
Premarin
Various estrogen-like compounds from plants for post-menopausal health.
Phytoestrogens
Added to water, causes fish to float to surface.
Rotenone
Derris elliptica =
Rotenone
Two major uses for rotenone?
Insecticide and fish management.
What does the "Doctrine of Signatures" state?
All plants are put here for human benefit. And all plants had on them a sign from God, a clue to how they were to be used.
What were thought to be medinical for the brain?
Walnuts
A plant with red sap in its roots, was recommended for blood disorders.
Bloodroot
Mandragora officinarum =
Mandrake
Stimulates male sexual function, and female fertility if feminine shape.
Mandrake
"The fruit that excites love."
Mandrake
Used in Roman orgies, as well as the Bible when Rachel desires a child.
Mandrake
Where do mandrakes grow?
Europe and the Middle East
Active ingredient in mandrakes?
Scopolamine
A pain killer, used for 2,000 years as anesthetic for surgery and childbirth.
Scopolamine
Who wrote about the powers of the Mandrake?
Shakespeare
Uttered a shriek so terrible, any human would drop dead. Dog was used for the job.
Mandrakes
What the association of mandrake with love and lust?
Like alcohol, it relaxes inhibitions.
Two reasons for historical obsession with aphrodisiacs.
Arranged marriages and polygamous cultures.
The love chemical in your brain.
Phenyl ethylamine
Chocolate contains small amounts of...
phenyl ethylamine
What animal is monogramous, will drink alcohol and can become addicted to it.
Prairie voles
Common names: Jimsonweed and Thorn Apple
Datura stramonium
A federal noxious weed, yet you can buy seeds from companies. A hallucinogen.
Datura stramonium
Used to stupefy for kidnappings, burials. Also used in "Rites of Passage" in American Indian cultures.
Datura Stramonium
What does it mean to Shang Hai a sailor?
Drug them and coerce them into being sailors on the ship. When they come to, they can't do anything except be a sailor.
Stops your ability to sweat, dries out mucous membranes, causes increased metabolism. You can die from hyperthermia.
Datura stramonium
According to this dermatology web site, only some people are born with a sensitivity to poison ivy" True or False?
False
For more serious cases what drug preparation is usually prescribed?
C)
Can animals other than humans, like cats or dogs, get the poison ivy rash?
No
When I get poison ivy, I like to use very hot water to eliminate the itching, at least for a while. Does this site recommend that as well?
No
In the US, how many new patients are added to the list that are using Warfarin each year?
C)
Which of these is the most likely drug to cause side effects that require hospitalization?
B)
This device is intended to evaluate a patients genetic markers to determine how they are likely to respond to the drug, thereby helping doctor's adjust their prescription level. How many markers are evaluated int his test? 1, 2 3 4 5
Three
In December, a woman was executed in Saudi Arabia for practicing witchcraft. Was she a young woman, or older?
Older
Is witchcraft (sorcery) defined as a capital offense in the Saudi Arabian penal code?
Not specifically
Good Morning America called giant hogweed "The plant from ______"
Hell
About Giant Hogweed: The fearsome plant is chiefly recognizable by its impressive ___________ and its clusters of white flowers.
Height
The product Scopace is marketed for treatment of what ailment?
Motion sickness
Under "usage" are they talking about using this as a tablet or as a patch, for direct absorption through the skin?
Tablet
The first description of a purified chemical that related to pheromone biology was bomykul, which drove male _______ moth's crazy.
A)
Preti found that male armpit sweat dabbed on the upper _____ of women stimulates production of ovulation-triggering luteinizing hormone.
lips
Depending on the route of exposure (such as injection), as little as _____ micrograms of ricin could be enough to kill an adult.
A)
Within a few hours of inhaling significant amounts of ricin, the likely symptoms would be coughing, tightness in the chest, __________ ____________, nausea, and aching muscles.
difficulty breathing
Scan through this site and be able to tell me what they say about antidotes for ricin poisoning.
There is no antidote. But medical practices to help breathing and giving fluids that stop swelling are used.
Death from ricin poisoning could take place within _________ hours of exposure.
C)
What hormone is involved in bonding, between mother and child, or between two lovers?
B)
This hormone is sometimes called "the ______ hormone",and is released, in part, when we make direct eye contact. Perhaps part of why we find it harder to lie when we look someone in the eye?
Love
This article suggest that the hormone might be useful in treating psychological disorders. Name one.
Social anxiety
In this article is from spring 2008. Bergendorff was charged with possession of a ______________ toxin.
biological
Was he accused of being involved in making the toxin, or did he buy it from a source?
Making the toxin
In this brief story about malaria coming into the US with aid workers, where did the 11 infected people get infected?
Haiti
Artemisin comes from what plant?
A)
Where in the world did the outbreak of ACT resistant malaria parasites develop?
C)
A protozoan parasite that invades blood cells and causes ililness when parasites release from blood cells in swarms
Malaria
All time #1 human killer
Malaria
How long does it take to recover from the illness of Malaria?
The entire cycle takes place in 24 hours.
Mal Aria translates as what?
Bad Air
What plant was discovered by the Spanish that can treat Malaria?