-
Uses sensory receptors to monitor changes occurring both inside and outside the body
Sensory Input
-
Processes and interprets the sensory input and makes decisions about what should be done at each moment
Integration
-
Dictates the responses by activating the effector organs (Muscles and glands
Motor output
-
Brain and Spinal Cord
CNS
-
Cranial Nerves– efferent and afferent, to and from the brain
PNS
-
Spinal Nerves– efferent and afferent, to and from spinal cord
PNS
-
Responses based on past experience, reflexes, and current conditions
CNS
-
Intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion
CNS
-
Integrating, processing, and coordinating
CNS
-
The afferent division of the PNS brings _______ information to the CNS
Sensory
-
The efferent division carries _____ commands to muscles and glands.
motor
-
Two divisions of the efferent division:
-
SNS
- Somatic nervous system:
- Controls skeletal muscle contractions
- May be voluntary or involuntary
-
ANS
Autonomic nervous system:
- Is also called visceral motor system.
- Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
- Is involuntary.
-
Provides the vital link between sensory inputs and motor responses in the real world
PNS
-
The efferent division begins inside the (a) and ends at an (b)
-
- Controls skeletal muscle contractions.
- May be voluntary or involuntary.
SNS
-
-Is also called visceral motor system.
-Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
-Is involuntary.
ANS
-
Basic structural unit of nervous system.
Neuron
-
3 characteristics of a neuron:
- -Extreme longevity
- -No Mitosis
- -High metabolic rate (O2 and glucose)
-
Resist tension forces
Neurofibrils
-
Clusters of cell bodies in the PNS
Ganglia
-
Renew the cell membrane- protein part of the cytoplasm
Nissl bodies
-
Numerous, receptive, sites from other neurons. Conduct electrical signals toward the cell body
Dendrites
-
Lower extremity axons extend from the lumbar region into the foot
radiculopathy
-
Impulse generators and conductors that transmit nerve impulses away from the cell body
Axons
-
Axon collaterals: Extend from the axon at ____ angles
right
-
End branches of the axon.
Telodendria
-
Bulbs that contact other neurons to form specialized cell junctions called synapses
Axon Terminals
-
Supporting cells
Neuroglia
-
3 Functions of neuroglia:
- -Providing the framework for the neural tissue
- -Maintaining the intercellular environment
- -Acting as phagocytes
-
Largest and most numerous glial cells
Astrocytes
-
5 Functions of Astrocytes:
- -Maintaining the blood–brain barrier.
- -Creating a three-dimensional framework for the CNS.
- -Performing repairs in damaged neural tissue.
- -Guiding neuron development.
- -Controlling the interstitial environment.
-
Macrophages of CNS
Microglia (phagocytes)
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