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Adaption
inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in specific environments
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Aleternation of Generations
a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants and some algae
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Centromere
the specialized region of the chromosome where two sister chromatids are most closely attached
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Chromatin
The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up a eukaryotic chromosome. When the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long thin fibers
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Chromatid
one of two identical chromosomal strands into which a chromosome splits to prepare for cell division
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Chromosome
a cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
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Convergent Evolution
the evolution of similar features in independent evolutionary lineages
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Cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II
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Diploid
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent
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Divergent Evolution
The naturally selected changes in related species that once shared a characteristic in common but have come to be different. (have a common ancestor)
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Gene Pool
the total genetic information in the gametes of all individuals in a population
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Genetic Drift
random changes in the frequency of alleles in a gene pool, usually of small populations
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Haploid
a cell containing only one set of chromosomes
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Mutation
change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s DNA, creating genetic diversity
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Population
all the individuals of one species in a given area
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Population Bottleneck
evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing
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Polymorphism
presence of two or more distinct phenotypes in s population due to expression of different alleles of a given gene, like human blood groups
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Species
a population able to breed among themselves, but are not able to breed with members of another species
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Tetrad
a group of four chromatids formed by synapsis at the beginning of meiosis
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Zygote
- the diploid product of the union of haploid gametes during fertilization;
- a fertilized egg
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