-
What are some environmental hazards of the integumentary system?
- Sun exposure
- Irritants and allergens
- Radiation
-
Ways to promote a good integumentary system?
- Rest and sleep
- Exercise
- Hygiene
- Nutrition
- Self-treatment
-
_______ ________ is always present on skin?
Bacterial flora
-
List bacteria that is present on the skin?
- Staphylococuus
- Mycobacterium
- Non-Hemolytic Streptococcus
- Group A Hemolytic Streptococcus
-
The organisms are shed with _______ ________ of skin.
Normal exfoliation
-
How often do skin cells regenerate?
approximately every 4 weeks
-
What is the best way to remove bacteria from the skin?
Bathing, Rubbing, friction
-
Normal ph of skin is _______ which naturally retards the growth of bacteria
4.2 – 5.6
-
What is a portal for bacterial infections?
Break in skin integrity
-
List 3 Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
- Actinic keratosis
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
-
What is Actinic Keratosis ?
- “pre-malignant” lesion
- What does actinic keratosis look like?
- Small dry rough yellowish brown scales
-
What is a common cause of Actinic keratosis ?
sun exposure
-
Skin cancer occurs most commonly in ______ ______, especially in the _______ and in young people who have ______ ______.
Fair Skin, elderly, light skin
-
Which cancer may slowly progress to squamous cell carcinoma?
Actinic Keratosis
-
What is a malignant skin neoplasm ?
Malignant primary tumor of the epidermal layer of skin
-
List three types of skin cancers (3)
- Basal Cell
- Squamous Cell
- Melanoma
-
The biggest cause of skin cancer is?
Prolonged exposure to UV rays
-
Other risk factors of skin cancer?
- Hereditary
- Precancerous lesions
- Chemical irritants
- Radiation
- Friction or chronic irritation
-
Pathophysiology of skin cancer?
- Unregulated cell growth
- “cells gone wild”
- Uncontrolled cell division
- Results in development of a “neoplasm”
-
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Tumor growth in the basal layer of epidermis
-
Do the basal cell carcinoma mastatsize?
Not usually
-
What does the basal cell carcinoma look like?
Small, waxy nodule with a translucent pearly border
-
Where does the basal cell carcinoma appear more frequently?
on the face, usually between hairline and lip
-
The 2nd most common skin cancer is?
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Tumor arises from epidermis damaged by sun or skin that has been irradiated or excessive scarred
-
_______ ________ _________ rarely occurs in dark skinned individuals.
Squamous cell carcinoma
-
Squamous cell carcinoma is considered an ______ cancer.
invasive cancer
-
Where does the squamous cell carcinoma usually show up?
- Usually on sun-damaged skin
- Rim of the ear
- on the face
- frequently on lips
- in the mucus layer of the mouth.
-
Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma?
- UV exposure
- cigarette smoking
- cigar smoking
-
Characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma
- May metastasize
- Appears as a firm nodule with an indistinct border
- Border may be opaque
-
what does squamous cell carcinoma look like?
- rough,
- scaly
- poorly marginated
- blend in to surrounding skin
- can matastisize into the lympth system
-
are squamous cell carcinoma painful?
yes
-
Early detection parallels ________
early treatment and cure rate
-
Treatments for squamous cell carcinoma?
- Irradiate
- MOH's - scooping it out
- freeze
- electrically disect it
-
Which skin cancer is a tumor that arises from melanocytes of the epidermis?
Melanoma
-
Of all cancer related deaths, _____ % die from melanoma?
3 %
-
Which skin cancer has the highest mortality rate of any form of cancer?
Melanoma
-
There is a higher incidence of malignant melanoma is persons using the tanning bed more than _______ x per year.
10
-
What does a malignant malenoma look like?
- Often appears in pre-existing moles
- Irregular-circular bordered lesion with hues of tan, black, or blue
-
What are the risk factors for malignant malenoma?
- fair skin
- blue-eyed people
- blond
- excessive childhood sun exposure
- increase of dysplastic moles
- genetic
-
What are some common sites for malignant malenoma
back and legs
-
What are the ABCDs of assessing malenoma’s?
- A= ASYMMETRY
- B= BORDER IRREGULARITY
- C=COLOR VARIEGATION
- D=DIAMETER > 6 mm
-
What are some danger signs for melanoma’s?
- Change in color of mole over last 3-8 mths
- Size or shape of pre-existing lesion
- Oozing
- Bleeding
- crusting lesion
- painful
- involve lymph nodes
-
Clincial manifestations of malignant malenomas
- involve lymph nodes
- matastasize to brain
- lung
- liver
- bone
- other skin surfaces
-
Diagnostic tests used for determining skin cancer?
- Skin Biopsy: Cytology positive for cancer cells
- thorough history and physical
- if possible to remove that is preferred
-
Survival is directly related to the ______ of tumor invasion.
depth
-
Where does the malignant malenomas show up in dark-skinned people?
- palms of hands
- sole of feet
- mucus membranes
- areas less pigmented
-
Medical management of malenomas
- chemotherapy
- radiation
- topical immune therapy
-
What is a topical immune therapy used for malignant malenoma?
Aldara cream
-
The most common bacterial skin infections are _________ & ____________.
Impetigo & folliculitis
-
What are impetigo & folliculitis caused by?
- usually caused by Staphylococcus
- can be caused by strep
-
Impetigo is a _______ infection of the skin.
superficial
-
Most common parts for impetigo infections
- face
- nose
- exposed areas of the body
-
Impetigo is often followed by infestations of (6).
- head lice
- scabies (itch mites)
- herpes simplex
- insect bites
- poison ivy
- excema
-
Chronic Health problems, poor hygiene and malnutrition predispose an adult to _______.
Impetigo
-
Overuse of _________-________ ______ may create resistant bacteria
Anti-bacterial soaps
-
Clinical Manifestations of Impetigo
- Small lesions
- Red macules (flat)
- Become thin walled vesicles that rupture forming a honey colored crust
-
The crusty skin when removed reveals what?
smooth red moist surface on which new crusts begin to develop
-
What therapy would you anticipate to use for impetigo?
- systemic antibiotic therapy (ceph)
- Topical antibiotic therapy
- Remove the lesion crust with soap and water
- Topical antibiotic is applied WITH GLOVES!!!
-
What would a nurse teach pt about impetigo?
- HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
- avoid contact with other people until the lesion is healed
- family and client to bathe once daily with bacteria-cidal soap
- HANDWASHING!!
- Each family member needs a separate towel and washcloth
- wash linens separately use mixture of Clorox to kill bacteria
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