Unit 3 examination neuro and muscular

• Sitting position, slightly dorsiflex client’s
• ankle by grasping toes in palm of your hand. Strike Achilles tendon just above
• the heel at ankle malleolus. Normal: plantar flexion of foot

• Inability to communicate through speech,
• writing, or signs because of an injury to or disease in certain areas of the
• brain.

• cannot understand written or
• verbal speech

• understands written and verbal speech by cannot
• write of speak appropriately

• can be tested by stroking the sole of the foot,
• beginning at midheel and moving upward and lateral to the toes. A positive
• Babinski’s occurs when there is dorsiflexion of the great toe and fanning of
• the other toes.

• Flex client’s arm up to 45 deg at elbow with
• palms down. Place your thumb in antecubital fossa at base of biceps tendon and
• your fingers over biceps muscle. Strike triceps tendon with reflex hammer.
• Normal: Flexion of arm at elbow

included in assessment of motor function because it coorditnates muscular activity, maintains balance and equilibrium and control posture.

is repeated contraction of muscles (usually the calf muscles or the wrist flexor muscles) when the muscles are stretched manually (such as by ankle dorsiflexion or wrist extension). Sustained clonus is when this occurs repeatedly as long as the stretch is maintained.

state of being in a coma, unresponsive, protective reflexes absent, pupils fixed, novoluntary movement

complete assessment involves the 12 cranial nerves in order of their number.

• Mneumonic: oh, oh, oh,
• to touch and feel a girl’s vagina, super heaven!

Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, auditory, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal

• Grating, grinding, or popping sound or feeling
• made when a joint is moved

• is a posture is an abnormal body posture
• that involves the arms and legs being held straight out, the toes being pointed downward, and the head and neck being arched backwards. The muscles are tightened and held rigidly. This type of posturing usually means there has been severe damage to the brain.

• Is a posture is an abnormal posturing in
• which a person is stiff with bent arms, clenched fists, and legs held out straight. The arms are bent in toward the body and the wrists and fingers are
• bent and held on the chest.

• elicited by mildly stretching a muscle and
• tapping the tendon. Most common are knee jerk and patellar reflex

muscle twitching

soft, not erect

• a quick rating of neurological status based on three components: state of consciousness (based on eyes being opened and tracking events), state of motor control
• (based on responses to verbal commands and (if nonresponsive to instructions) responses to painful stimuli, and state of langauge functioning (oriented and able to meanfully answer questions)

Muscle weakness on one side of the body.

on one side of the body.

• also called hunchback, an exaggeration of the posterior curvature of thoracic spine. This is common to
• older adult.

exists aling a continuum from full awakerning, alertness, and cooperation to unresponsiveness to any form of external stimuli.

or swayback, an increase lumbar curvature.

• a meningeal sign with one leg with hip flexed, pain in
• back with extension of knee

• a meningeal sign: flexion of legs and thighs when
• neck is flexed

is assessed by putting selected muscle groups through passive range of motion.

decrease awareness of self and surroundings, sleepy

• client’s recognition of person, place and time
• (oriented x 3)

defined as loss of the ability to move a body part.

condition of paralysis at the lower half of body

slight or partial paralysis

paralysis on all four extremities

test of cerebral function and balance.

• -The person is asked to
• stand quietly with feet together and hands at the side and to attain
• equilibrium. The following step is to evaluate if the per-son can close his or
• her eyes and maintain equilibrium without swaying or falling. The next part of
• the evaluation is to assess if the person can lift the hands to shoulder height
• and then close eyes without hands drifting downward. If these two evaluations
• are completed successfully, the balance and cerebellar function are intact.

Lateral spinal curvature

• responds to painful stimuli, present protective
• reflexes, no converstaion

• responds to stimuli (moans and groans), never
• fully awake, confused, conversation is unclear

• Have the client extend arms out to the sides and
• touch each forefinger alternately to the nose. First with eyes open, then with eyes closed

For deep tendon reflex. Flex arm at elbow, holding arm across chest or hold upper arm horizontally and allow lower arm to go limp. Strike triceps tendon just above elbow. Normal Reflex: extension at elbow

• -general inspection
• -palpation
• -range of motion
• -muscle tone and strength