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The electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter is known as _________.
THERMAL RADIATION
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What is cold?
COLD is the loss of heat.
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_______ cannot be felt unless one is touching or experiencing something else to contrast it.
A) COLD
B) HEAT
A) COLD
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Energy moving from one place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration is known as ______.
HEAT
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What is TEMPERATURE?
TEMPERATURE is the measurement of the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in a substance, measured in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit or in kelvins.
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The measurement of the amount of heat is known as _______.
TEMPERATURE
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Why does the kelvin scale not use the degree sign?
because it measures energy, while degrees is used to relate other scales to energy.
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If you touch a cold pole, what has happened?
Energy has moved from hand to pole.
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Instead of measuring _______ like the other two scales, Kelvin measures_________.
A) energy, heat
B) heat, energy
B) heat, energy
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What is the difference between heat and temperature?
HEAT is the amount of energy in a given setting, while temperature is a way of measuring that amount of energy or lack of it relative to a fixed point on a scale.
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How does cold travel?
COLD travels when its energy is pushed to new places by the energy of heat.
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The method by which heat or cold travels from particle to particle is known as _________.
CONDUCTION
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Conduction travels from ___ to ____.
A) hot, cold
B) cold, hot
A) hot, cold
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Why does ice cream melt when it is in your hand? What is this an example of?
Because HEAT is being transmitted to it from the hand thats warmer than it. It is an example of CONDUCTION.
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list two benefits of CONDUCTION.
- 1. The ability to fry food
- 2. The ability to sterilize instruments
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What are two examples of THERMAL RADIATION?
- 1. MICROWAVES
- 2. NUCLEAR ENERGY
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Who established that RADIATION was not a surface phenomenon?
BALFOUR STEWART
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Who proposed the idea of BLACKBODY?
GUSTAV KIRTOV.
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What is CONVECTION?
the circular motion of PARTICLES.
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Why are all heaters/radiators located on the floor, and all air-conditioners located further up? cooler air comes to the floor, the radiator will heat it back up, and thats why heaters are on the floor
because COOLER falls and is heated back up by the radiator, and WARMER AIR rises and is cooled back down by the air conditioner.
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Explain the phenomenon that occurs within a CONVECTION OVEN?
COLD AIR goes down one tube into it and WARM AIR goes up and out the other side.
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What are three examples of CONVECTION?
- 1. A smokey room
- 2. A convection oven
- 3. A radiator
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What does newton's laws of cooling state?
the rate of cooling of an object is proportional to the difference in temperature between the surroundings and the object.
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What is CONDENSATION and why is it a warming process?
CONDENSATION is the change of the physical state of matter from gaseous phase into a liquid phase. It is a warming process because it changes from a higher state to a lower state, which releases latent heat. Hence it is called warming process.
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If you want a room temperature can of beverage to cool quicky, should you put it in the freezer compartment or in the main part of your refrigerator? Or does it matter? Explain.
It will cool faster in the freezer because the SODA will lose heat the fastest when the difference between the TEMPERATURE and its SURROUNDINGS is the greatest (according to Newton's laws of Cooling)
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Touch the inside of a 200°C hot oven and you burn yourself. But when the 1800°C white hot sparks from a 4th-of-July-type sparkler hit your skin, you’re okay.
Why?
Its not because of temperature, both are hot enough to burn you.
The OVEN contains enough energy but the SPARK does not – the SPARK cools to room temperature after transferring a measly fraction of a joule, not enough to burn you.
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What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?
the main difference is that BOILING happens when heat is added from the BOTTOM and EVAPORATION is when heat is added from the top.
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Why is evaporation a cooling process?
Because energy is needed to change the water form a liquid to a gas. The energy that is used is removed from the area where the water was. This removal of heat energy is cooling.
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Why does decreasing the temperature of a liquid make it freeze
because it slows down the substances atoms to the point where they stop moving and "lock" into place, forming a SOLID.
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What is the GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
The GREENHOUSE EFFECT is the warming of the lower atmosphere, the effect of atmospheric gases on the balance of terrestrial and solar radiation.
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What is one positive and one negative about the GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
One positive about the greenhouse effect is that without it, the earth would be very cold. One negative is that because of this, it is warming the Earth too fast and ruining the ozone layer.
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What are two examples that use solar power?
EXAMPLE 1: When laundry is set out on a clothes line to dry, it is solar power that allows it to do so
EXAMPLE 2: Solar panels, which absorb the heat that the sun provides and convert that heat to electricity.
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What is SOLAR POWER?
SOLAR POWER is the energy per unit time derived from the sun.
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What specifically is CONDUCTION?
CONDUCTION is the transfer of heat energy by molecular and electron collisions within a substance (especially a solid).
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What is NEWTON'S LAW OF COOLING?
That the rate of loss of heat from on object is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surroundings.
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What is the difference between HEAT and TEMPERATURE?
Heat is thermal energy. Temperature is the measurement of average kinetic energy of the particles which compose the matter being tested.
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What is SUBLIMATION? Does H20 go through this process? Why or why not?
The change of phase from solid to gaseous, skipping the liquid phase. H20 does go through this and when it does it is because water molecules are so tightly held in the solid phase that frozen water
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Why is the Fahrenheit scale the most complicated temperature scale used?
Because its numbers are not based on any fixed points like other scales (kelvin starts at absolute zero, celsius starts at freezing point etc)
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What are the 3 ways that heat can be transferred?
- 1. CONVECTION
- 2. CONDUCTION
- 3. RADIATION
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What are the 4 ways that heat can change the state of matter of an object?
1. FREEZING
- 2. CONDENSATION
- 3. EVAPORATION
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What is STEAM?
STEAM is water vapor at a high temperature (usually 100 degrees celsius or more)
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What is THERMAL EXPANSION?
THERMAL EXPANSION is the tendency of matter to change (increase) in volume in response to a change (increase) in temperature.
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How many degrees in CELSIUS is absolute zero?
-273.15 degrees celsius.
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How many degrees in FAHRENHEIT is absolute zero?
-459.67 degrees fahrenheit.
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At how many kelvins does water boil?
at 373.15 kelvins.
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At how many KELVINS does water freeze?
at 273.15 kelvins.
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What, in degrees CELSIUS is the temperature of the human body?
36 degrees celsius.
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What is the average temperature, in KELVINS, of the human body?
309 kelvins.
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What is ABSOLUTE ZERO?
ABSOLUTE ZERO is the lowest possible temperature that a substance may have-- the temperature at which molecules of the substance have their minimum kinetic energy.
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